Need to Invent an Appropriate Technique to Extract Hydrogen from Research Paper

Need to Invent an Appropriate Technique to Extract Hydrogen from Non-polluting Sources - Research Paper Example Human activities are increasing the natural levels of those gases, by emitting carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas; methane and nitrous oxide produced by agricultural activities and changes in the use of land use; and by some industrial gases that do not occur naturally but are long-lived in the atmosphere. Emissions of poisonous gases from vehicles are also constantly polluting the air. In fact, a large proportion of harmful gases in the atmosphere are being emitted from the vehicles. With the development of civilization, the rate of transportation has also increased. Today, most of the vehicles are run by fossil fuels, like petrol, diesel, coal etc. the burning of these fuels emit hazardous gases in the atmosphere and enhances the risk of global warming. In order to protect the Universes from the curse of global warming, the immediate need is to reduce the emission of those gases that are responsible for global warming. In order to red uce the emission level, the prime requirement is to discover alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel. The vehicles, therefore also need to be run by the energy whose production does not need petrol, diesel or coal. Scientists are experimenting with several alternatives to the traditional source of energy for the vehicles. Fuel cell cars seem to be an appropriate solution to the problem of global warming.   In the last twenty years, scientific knowledge has led to the understanding that anthropogenic, human-made actions were responsible for the changes in global climate. Those changes are a consequence of the emission and accumulation of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere.  

Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern History Essay Example for Free

Gender Norms Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern History Essay History is the study of the past, specifically how it relates to humans. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered prehistory. History can also refer to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians sometimes debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing perspective on the problems of the present. Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not support the disinterested investigation required of the discipline of history. Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is considered within the Western tradition to be the father of history, and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their work continues to be read today and the divide between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In the Eastern tradition, a state chronicle the Spring and Autumn Annals was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd century BC texts survived. Ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematical elements of historical investigation. Often history is taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the a cademic study of history is a major discipline in University studies. Etymology Ancient Greek á ¼ ±ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ã ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± means inquiry,knowledge from inquiry, or judge. It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his . The ancestor word is attested early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes oath, and in Boiotic inscriptions . The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of relation of incidents, story. In Middle English,  the meaning was story in general. The restriction to the meaning record of past events arose in the late 15th century. It was still in the Greek sense that Francis Bacon used the term in the late 16th century, when he wrote about Natural History. For him, historia was the knowledge of objects determined by space and time, that sort of knowledge provided by memory . In an expression of the linguistic synthetic vs. analytic/isolating dichotomy, English like Chinese now designates separate words for human history and storytelling in general. In modern German, French, and most Germanic and Romance languages, which are solidly synthetic and highly inflected, the same word is still used to mean both history and story. The adjective historical is attested from 1661, and historic from 1669. Historian in the sense of a researcher of history is attested from 1531. In all European languages, the substantive history is still used to mean both what happened with men, and the scholarly study of the happened, the latter sense sometimes distinguished with a capital letter, History, or the word historiography. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse. All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form constitute the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the sources which can most usefully contribute to the production of accurate accounts of past. Therefore, the constitution of the historians archive is a result of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage of certain texts and documents . The study of history has sometimes been classified as part of the humanities and at other times as pa rt of the social sciences. It can also be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both. Some individual historians strongly support one or the other classification. In the 20th century, French historian Fernand Braudel revolutionized the study of history, by using such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography in the study of global history. Traditionally, historians have recorded events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an oral tradition, and have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have also used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is  said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before. Archaeology is a discipline that is especially helpful in dealing with buried sites and objects, which, once unearthed, contribute to the study of history. But archaeology rarely stands alone. It uses narrative sources to complement its discoveries. However, archaeology is constituted by a range of methodologies and approaches which are independent from history; that is to say, archaeology does not fill the gaps within textual sources. Indeed, historical archaeology is a specific branch of archaeology, often contrasting its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, Mark Leone, the excavator and interpreter of historical Annapolis, Maryland, USA; has sought to understand the contradiction between textual documents and the material record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth apparent via the study of the total historical environment, despite the ideology of liberty inherent in written documents at this time. There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically, culturally, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in The International Womens Movement in an Age of Transition, 1830–1975. It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the modern trend has been toward spec ialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but also may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity. History and prehistory The history of the world is the memory of the past experience of Homo sapiens around the world, as that experience has been preserved, largely in written records. By prehistory, historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, drawings, carvings, and other artifacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid historys implicit exclusion of certain  civilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world. In 1961, British historian E. H. Carr wrote: This definition includes within the scope of history the strong interests of peoples, such as Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand MÄ ori in the past, and the oral records maintained a nd transmitted to succeeding generations, even before their contact with European civilization. Historiography Historiography has a number of related meanings. Firstly, it can refer to how history has been produced: the story of the development of methodology and practices. Secondly, it can refer to what has been produced: a specific body of historical writing . Thirdly, it may refer to why history is produced: the Philosophy of history. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians. Professional historians also debate the question of whether history can be taught as a single coherent narrative or a series of competing narratives. Philosophy of history Philosophy of history is a branch of philosophy concerning the eventual significance, if any, of human history. Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible teleological end to its development—that is, it asks if there is a design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in the processes of human history. Philosophy of history should not be confused with historiography, which is the study of history as an academic discipline, and thus concerns its methods and practices, and its development as a discipline over time. Nor should philosophy of history be confused with the history of philosophy, which is the study of the development of philosophical ideas through time. Historical methods Cultural history Cultural history replaced social history as the dominant form in the 1980s and 1990s. It typically combines the approaches of anthropology and history  to look at language, popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts of a group of people. How peoples constructed their memory of the past is a major topic. Cultural history includes the study of art in society as well is the study of images and human visual production. Diplomatic history Diplomatic history, sometimes referred to as Rankin History in honor of Leopold von Ranke, focuses on politics, politicians and other high rulers and views them as being the driving force of continuity and change in history. This type of political history is the study of the conduct of international relations between states or across state boundaries over time. This is the most common form of history and is often the classical and popular belief of what history should be. Economic history Although economic history has been well established since the late 19th century, in recent years academic studies have shifted more and more toward economics departments and away from traditional history departments. Environmental history Environmental history is a new field that emerged in the 1980s to look at the history of the environment, especially in the long run, and the impact of human activities upon it. World history World history is the study of major civilizations over the last 3000 years or so. World history is primarily a teaching field, rather than a research field. It gained popularity in the United States, Japan and other countries after the 1980s with the realization that students need a broader exposure to the world as globalization proceeds. It has led to highly controversial interpretations by Oswald Spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee, among others. The World History Association publishes the Journal of World History every quarter since 1990. The H-World discussion list serves as a network of communication among practitioners of world history, with discussions among scholars, announcements, syllabi, bibliographies and book reviews. Peoples history A peoples history is a type of historical work which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people. A peoples history is the history of the world that is the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals or groups not included in the past in other type of writing about history are the primary focus, which includes the disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and the otherwise forgotten people. This history also usually focuses on events occurring in the fullness of time, or when an overwhelming wave of smaller events cause certain developments to occur. Histomomity Histornomity is a historical study of human progress or individual personal characteristics, by using statistics to analyze references to eminent persons, their statements, behavior and discoveries in relatively neutral texts. Gender history Gender history is a sub-field of History and Gender studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of gender. It is in many ways, an outgrowth of womens history. Despite its relatively short life, Gender History has had a rather significant effect on the general study of history. Since the 1960s, when the initially small field first achieved a measure of acceptance, it has gone through a number of different phases, each with its own challenges and outcomes. Although some of the changes to the study of history have been quite obvious, such as increased numbers of books on famous women or simply the admission of greater numbers of women into the historical profession, other influences are more subtle. Public history Public history describes the broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice has quite deep roots in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum curatorship, and other related fields. The term itself began to be used in the U.S. and Canada in the late 1970s, and the field has become increasingly professionalized since that time. Some of the most common settings for public history are museums, historic homes and historic sites, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, and all  levels of government. Historians Professional and amateur historians discover, collect, organize, and present information about past events. In lists of historians, historians can be grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialized. Chroniclers and analysts, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also frequently included. The judgments of history Since the 20th century, Western historians have disavowed the aspiration to provide the judgments of history. The goals of historical judgments or interpretations are separate to those of legal judgments, which need to be formulated quickly after the events and be final. A related issue to that of the judgments of history is that of collective memory. Pseudo-history Pseudo-history is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines their conclusions. Closely, related to deceptive historical revisionism. Works which draw controversial conclusions from new, speculative, or disputed historical evidence, particularly in the fields of national, political, military, and religious affairs, are often rejected as pseudo-history. Teaching history From the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to promote national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a common heritage with Europe. In the U.S. after 1980 attention increasingly moved toward teaching world history or requiring students to take courses in non-western cultures, to prepare students for life in a globalized economy. At the university level, historians debate the question of whether history belongs more to social science or to the humanities. Many view the field from both perspectives. The teaching of history in French schools was influenced by the Nouvelle histoire as disseminated after the 1960s by Cahiers pedagogies and Inveiglement and other journals for teachers. Also  influential was the Institute national de recherchà © et de documentation pedagogue. Joseph Leif, the Inspector-general of teacher training, said pupils children should learn about historians’ approaches as well as facts and dates. Louis Franà §ois, Dean of the History/Geography group in the Inspectorate of National Education advised that teachers should provide historic documents and promote active methods which would give pupils the immense happiness of discovery. Proponents said it was a reaction against the memorization of names and dates that characterized teaching and left the students bored. Traditionalists protested loudly it was a postmodern innovation that threatened to leave the youth ignorant of French patriotism and national identity. In most countries history textbook are tools to foster nationalism and patriotism, and give students the official line about national enemies. In many countries history textbooks are sponsored by the national government and are written to put the national heritage in the most favorable light. For example, in Japan, mention of the Nanking Massacre has been removed from textbooks and the entire World War II is given cursory treatment. Other countries have complained. It was standard policy in communist countries to present only a rigid Marxist historiography. Academic historians have often fought against the politicization of the textbooks, sometimes with success. In 21st-century Germany, the history curriculum is controlled by the 16 states, and is characterized not by super-patriotism but rather by an almost pacifistic and deliberately unpatriotic undertone and reflects principles formulated by international organizations such as UNESCO or the Council of Europe, thus oriented towards human rights, democracy and peace. The result is that German textbooks usually downplay national pride and ambitions and aim to develop an understanding of citizenship centered on democracy, progress, human rights, peace, tolerance and European.

Creationsim vs. Evolution :: Science Religion Essays

Creationsim vs. Evolution Intro Who or what really is our greatest of great ancestors? Most major religions and early groups of people have an answer to this common question. The Greek myths declare that only Geia (the Earth) and a great sea of Chaos were in the beginning, and in a soap opera fashion the gods eventually came forth, who eventually created humans (Bierlein 47-8). The Chippewa/Algonquin Native Americans believe that the great Earth Mother had two sons, a good one and a bad one that ended up creating the plants, animals, and humans (61). In the Christian, scientific Western Hemisphere, we believe in two possible answers -- one, that we descended from Adam, who was created from the mingling of the dirt of the ground with God's breath into His image (a doctrine held by religious Creationism), or two, that we evolved from monkeys which evolved from bacteria, which evolved from non-living chemicals and lightning (the scientific theory of evolution). These two theories both have credibility - the Bible is one of the oldest and most extensive historical documents we have, recorded with great precision, while evolution is very logical and builds on numerous scientific disciplines. Yet creation and evolution seem diametrically opposed. If we were created randomly and purposelessly, as evolution suggests, then the creation account of a sculptor molding his clay to make man appears erroneous. So scientists often call the Genesis account a â€Å"myth† – a story conceived by early man to explain away his questions. Christians are often offended by implications like these, and end up attacking science’s claims. In turn, many scientists feel distaste for people who don't accept their elegant theory and their mounds of evidence, and thus reject the others' view. Though a war has been established pinning these two theories against each other, this dichotomy is actually a false one. Christians do not need to give up their faith and scientists can start believing in God. These two clashing but persuasive theories, creation and evolution, can be reconciled. First, these theories need to be defined. Definition Evolution is the theory that all living organisms can be traced back to a common ancestor, which came into being from non-living elements, by natural laws. Darwin’s contribution to this theory was the mechanism by which species could evolve – natural selection.

Explain Kant’s Moral Argument

Explain Kant’s Moral Argument Kant’s moral argument focuses on reason, good will, duty and the notion that we ought to strive towards moral perfection (Summum Bonum). He believes that people are ruled by a ‘moral law’. This moral law for Kant was universal and objective. An example of this might be seen in the wide scale agreement that murder or torture is wrong. There seems to be agreement across cultures that certain actions are intrinsically wrong. This, for Kant, suggests that there is a universal objective moral law.He believed that the highest form of goodness was the notion of good will, namely that someone would freely choose to do good for no reward whatsoever, only for the sake of goodness. Moreover, Kant believed that we have a moral duty to do such good things. He would argue that we have an awareness of what is right and wrong and that good will should make us act accordingly as reason dictates this to be the case. In a way it doesn’t ma ke any rational sense to act in an immoral way.Duty was seen by Kant as a way of fulfilling this end without being misguided by emotion or factors of personal gain. It is here that we come to a key point in Kant’s argument, namely the notion of ‘ought’ implies ‘can’. He believed that we can only have a duty to do something that we can do. For example, I cannot have a duty to fly unaided as it is not something that I can do; or if I were to come across someone drowning in a lake but could not swim Kant would suggest that I would not have a duty to jump in and save them.My duty in the latter case would be to find someone who could swim so I would need to raise the alarm. If I can choose to do the good (using reason, good will and duty) in one case then I should be able to do this in every case, moreover that I have a duty to achieve this moral perfection. Kant called this moral perfection the Summum Bonum. He argued that the Summum Bonum was a state of moral perfection existing coincidently with perfect happiness. For Kant, the problem for human beings acting morally was that it did not lead to happiness.I could be the most moral person in the world yet personal tragedy could befall me, while another individual may lead an immoral life and be happy in some way. This would appear to make the world unfair and would potentially discourage us from acting morally at all. Kant believed that we must have a duty to achieve the Summum Bonum and because it was not achievable in this lifetime that we must be able to achieve this in the next life. Kant does not see this as ‘proof’ of God’s xistence only that it hints towards their being a higher being such as God who gives humans this sense of duty, and gives us the initiative to act morally in order to achieve perfection. The conclusion of Kant’s moral argument is that God must exist as a postulate of practical reason. Without the existence of God we cannot have t he afterlife and we would not be able to fulfil our obligation of reaching the Summum Bonum. Therefore God is necessary to ensure fairness in the universe and provide the exact coincidence of moral perfection and perfect happiness known as the Summum Bonum.

A 20th Century Leader

‘Robert Kennedy: His Life’ is the autobiography of Robert F. Kennedy (popularly referred to as RFK). It was written by Evan Thomas, a former senior editor of Newsweek in Washington.He was the first biographer to have access to Kennedy’s personal papers as attorney general. Thought the book contains no shocking revelations, there is a lot of fresh information gathered from Robert’s surviving colleagues, files and other sources. In the book, Thomas gives an elucidation of the man’s strengths as well as failures, and discloses the complex web of relationships in the Kennedy family.Depicting RFK as a man whose ‘house had a lot of mansions’, Thomas refers to him as ‘the lucky one’. Throughout the book, Thomas brings out the many phases of Kennedy’s personality. He was a very rich individual who could act like a spoiled child one day, and show sympathy to the minorities the next. Though the book honors a man whose potential was cut short too soon, Thomas’ book focuses on a man, a family and an era about whom Americans will never fully understand.Robert was the younger brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy (JFK). Born on November 20, 1925, he was the seventh born of Rose Fitzgerald and Joseph P. Kennedy. After living in Brookline, Massachusetts for two years, Robert and his family moved severally to mansions located in different parts of New York such as Riversdale and Bronxville.Robert schooled at Riversdale and Bronxville elementary schools till 5th grade, and then moved to Riverdale Country School for 6th grade. In 1938 when 12 years old, Robert took his first trip abroad with his family to England, where his father was serving as an American envoy. After finishing high school in 1943, Robert was drafted into the U.S. Naval Reserve as a trainee seaman.Robert Kennedy’s involvement in politicsAccording to Brian (1996), when World War II broke out, Robert took a break from studies at Harvard and joined the U.S. Navy. After the war, he went on to complete his studies and graduated with a law degree from University of Virginia. In the 1950s, he served as a counsel to a US Senate committee probing labor unions, leading to his open feud with the Teamsters leader Jimmy Hoffa.Robert’s political career is more closely associated with his brother, JFK. He oversaw JFK’s successful campaigns for the US Senate in 1952 and the presidency in 1960, and then was appointed as Attorney General in John’s administration.He was at the forefront of enforcing civil rights measures in the South and became the president’s closest adviser on all issues, for example foreign policy matters such as the Cuban missile crisis. After his brother’s assassination in 1963, Robert continued to serve in the Lyndon Johnson government as Attorney General and was unhappy that Johnson overlooked him for vice-presidency in 1964.Robert ran successfully for senator of Ne w York. As senator, he was loved by African Americans and other minorities such as immigrant groups and Native Americans. He spoke convincingly in favor of the excluded, disaffected and impoverished, hence getting the support of social justice campaigners and leaders of the civil rights struggle.He backed President Johnson on domestic matters, particularly civil rights and the war on poverty, but did agree with him over the war in Vietnam. By 1968, he was one of the most vocal advocates against the American policy on Vietnam. On domestic policy however, he became more and more liberal and developed a soft spot for the dispossessed and the minorities.Robert declared his candidacy for the US presidency in early 1968. He was assassinated on June, 5, 1968 at the Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles just after delivering a speech to his supporters upon capturing the California primary. He was pronounced dead the following morning.Attitudes and ApproachAccording to Brian (1996), Robert as a ch ild was frequently the target of his father’s domineering temperament. However as he got older, he won the admiration of his father and brothers through his competitiveness. During his brother’s campaigns, Robert was more tenacious, passionate and involved than the candidate himself, aggressively tackling every detail and fighting every battle.

The History of Saran Wrap

The History of Saran Wrap Saran resins and films, often called polyvinylidene chloride or PVDC, have been used to wrap products for more than 50 years. Saran  works by polymerizing vinylide chloride with monomers such as acrylic esters and unsaturated carboxyl groups to form long chains of vinylide chloride. The copolymerization results in a film with molecules bound so tightly together that very little gas or water can get through. The result is an effective barrier against oxygen, moisture, chemicals and heat that protects food, consumer products and industrial products. PVDC is resistant to oxygen, water, acids, bases and solvents.  Similar brands of plastic wrap, such as Glad and Reynolds, do not contain PVDC. Saran  might be the first plastic wrap designed specifically for food products, but cellophane was the first material  used to wrap just about everything else. A Swiss chemist, Jacques Brandenberger, first conceived of cellophane in 1911. It didn’t do much to preserve and protect food, however. The Discovery of SaranWrap Dow Chemical lab worker Ralph Wiley  accidentally discovered polyvinylidene chloride in 1933. Wiley was a college student who at the time cleaned glassware in a Dow Chemical lab when he  came across a vial he couldnt scrub clean. He called the substance coating the vial eonite, naming it after an indestructible material in the Little Orphan Annie comic strip.   Dow researchers remade Ralphs eonite into a greasy, dark green film and renamed it Saran. The military sprayed it on fighter planes to guard against salty sea spray  and carmakers used it on  upholstery. Dow later got rid of Sarans green color and unpleasant odor. Saran resins can be used for molding and they melt adhesive bonding in non-food contact. In combination with polyolefins, polystyrene and other polymers, Saran can be coextruded into multilayer sheets, films and tubes. From Planes and Cars to Food Saran  Wrap was approved for food packaging after World War II and was prior-sanctioned by the Society of the Plastics Industry in 1956. PVDC is cleared for use as a food contact surface as a base polymer in food package gaskets, in direct contact with dry foods and for paperboard coating in contact with fatty and aqueous foods. It’s capable of capturing and containing aromas and vapors. When you place a Saran-wrapped peeled onion next to a slice of bread in your refrigerator, the bread will not pick up the taste or odor of the onion. The onion’s flavor and odor are trapped inside the wrap.   Saran  resins for food contact can be extruded, coextruded or coated by a processor to meet specific packaging needs. About 85 percent of PVDC is used as a thin layer between cellophane, paper and plastic packaging to improve barrier performance. SaranWrap Today The Saran  films introduced by the Dow Chemical Company are best known as Saran Wrap. In 1949, it became the first cling wrap designed for commercial use. It was sold for household use in 1953. SC Johnson acquired Saran  from Dow in 1998. SC Johnson had some concerns about the safety of PVDC and subsequently took steps to eliminate it from Sarans composition. The popularity of the product, as well as sales, suffered as a result. If you’ve noticed recently that Saran isnt much different than Glad or Reynolds products, that’s why.

The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter essays

The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter essays The Scientific Experimentation That Destroys Beatrice in Rappacinis Daughter Most parents would put their children ahead of their occupation at all costs. In many cases this is true, but for Rappacini in Nathaniel Hawthornes Rappacinis Daughter, his scientific experiments prove to be more important to him than his daughter Beatrices wellbeing. His selfishness leads to both the physical and emotional destruction of Beatrices romantic aspirations for Giovanni Guasconti. The unique situations encountered in Rappacinis Daughter, represent an emotional struggle for Beatrice, which relates to the different interpretations of scientific advancement during this Romantic Era. An important theme in Rappacinis Daughter is the fear of change and progress, and how Beatrice becomes intertwined with both science and nature. During this Romantic Era, many people thought that scientific advancements would destroy nature. Rappacini symbolizes the destructiveness of science, whereas Beatrice represents the beauty of nature. Outwardly Rappacini has made Beatrice a threat to nature and humanity by making her poisonous, but inwardly she thrives on natures existence. Beatrices inability to interact with any individuals besides her father and Giovanni result in her own isolationism from nature and society. Professor Pietro Baglioni also symbolizes the fear of change through his intense rivalry with Rappacini. Baglioni is a conventional doctor who practices conservative methods, whereas, Rappacini practices unconventional methods by creating medicines from poisonous plants. The competition between these two scientific doctors escalates to such an immense degre e, that Beatrices death becomes the ultimate result. Their constant rivalry and human interference in natures physical and psychological processes depicts the obvious account...

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science â€Å"Data scientist† seems to be the IT job of the moment. But how much of what you’ve heard is hype and conjecture, and how much of it is based on facts?   Usually, when something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. However, the demand for data science is taking the world by storm, and companies – large and small – are clamoring to find employees who can understand and synthesize data, and then communicate these findings in a way that proves beneficial to the company. Below are the top 10 reasons to consider pursuing a career in Data Science. #1 The Job Outlook Don’t expect this bubble to burst anytime soon. According to a report by McKinsey Company, by 2018, the U.S. will have anywhere from 140,000 to 180,000 fewer data scientists than it needs. And the shortage of data science managers is even greater. Roughly 1.5 million data decision-making managers will be needed by 2018. At some point, the frenetic pace at which employers pursue data scientists will slow down, but it won’t happen anytime soon. #2 The Salaries According to an O’Reilly data science salary survey, the annual base salary of U.S.-based survey respondents was $104,000. Robert Half’s tech guide places the range between $109,000 and $153,750. And in the Burtch Works data science salary survey, the median base salary ranges from $97,000 for Level 1 contributors to $152,000 for Level 3 contributors. In addition, median bonuses start at $10,000 for Level 1 contributors. As a point of comparison, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that lawyers earn a median annual wage of $115,820.   Ã‚   #3 The Management Salaries    Data science managers can earn almost as much – and sometimes more – than doctors. Burtch Works reveals that Level 1 managers earn a median annual base salary of $140,000. Level 2 managers make $190,000, and Level 3 Managers earn $250,000.   And that puts them in pretty good company. According to the BLS, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and internal medicine doctors earn a median annual wage between $226,408 and $245,673. So without years of med school, residencies, and medical debt, you might earn more than the person who holds your life in his/her hands on the operating table. Cool. Scary, but cool.   Ã‚   And when you factor in median annual bonuses, data science managers out-earn many surgeons. Median annual bonuses for Level 1, 2 and 3 managers are $15,000; $39,900; and $80,000, respectively. #4 The Work Options    When you become a data scientist, you can work practically anywhere your heart desires. While 43% of these professionals work on the West Coast, and 28% are in the Northeast, they’re being employed in every region in the country – and abroad. However, you might be interested in knowing that the highest salaries in the U.S. are on the West Coast. And you’re probably not surprised that the technology industry employs the most data scientists, but they also work in other industries ranging from healthcare/pharma to marketing and financial services to consulting firms to retail and CPG industries. In fact, data scientists even work for gaming industries, and 1% work for the government. #5 The Sex Appeal    The prestigious Harvard Business Review hailed data scientist as the sexiest job of the 21st Century. How on earth is that possible? Are data scientists suggestively dangling the data in front of their employers? Are they whispering sweet algorithms in their employer’s ear? No (at least I don’t think so), but some of them work with cool startups, and also mammoth companies like Google, LinkedIn, FaceBook, Amazon, and Twitter. In essence, their sex appeal lies in the fact that everyone wants them, but they’re hard to acquire. #6 The Experience Factor â€Å"Experience† is probably one of the most common words found in a job description, and frankly, companies usually want employees with a ton of it. However, data science is such a relatively new field that Burtch Works reports 40% of data scientists have less than 5 years of experience, and 69% have less than 10 years of experience. So scroll back up to Reason #2: Salaries to match up the wages with the experience levels. Level 1 individual contributors typically have 0-3 years of experience. Level 2 individual contributors usually have 4 to 8 years of experience, and level 3 individual contributors have 9 years of experience.   #7 The Variety of Undergraduate Majors Since data science is such a new major, many colleges are scrambling to create undergraduate degree programs. In the meantime, data scientists hail from an assortment of academic backgrounds, including mathematics/statistics, computer science, engineering, and natural science. Also, some data scientists have degrees in economics, social science, business, and even medical science. #8 The Variety of Education Options If you pursue an online Master’s Degree in Data Science, you don’t have to sit in a classroom all day. You can take courses online from anywhere in the world, with the luxury of studying at your own pace.    #9 The Lack of Competition Not only is there a shortage of data scientists, but professionals in other fields don’t necessarily want to step up to the plate. According to a recent joint report by Robert Half and the  Institute of Management Accountants, employers are looking for accounting and finance candidates who can mine and extract data, identify key data trends, and are adept at statistical modeling and data analysis. But the report reveals that most accounting and finance candidates don’t have any of these skills – in fact, many colleges don’t even teach this level of analytics to students majoring in a financial discipline. #10 The Ease of Job Hunting Because data scientists are in such high demand and the supply is so limited, organizations have recruiters solely dedicated to finding these professionals. While candidates in other fields are harassing recruiters and pestering hiring managers, as a data scientist, you merely need to let it be known that you’re looking for a job . . . or maybe, you’re just thinking about looking for a job. In fact, the need is so dire that even if you already have a job, recruiters will try to lure you away with a better compensation/benefits package. Let the bidding begin.

What Happened to the Mayan's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Happened to the Mayan's - Essay Example Maya civilization reached its civilization peak around 750 A.D. After two hundred years, Maya civilization disappeared and collapsed in a mysterious manner. Several theories got made to explain the collapsing of the civilization. Some people believed that the ritual warfare between the Mayans and their neighbors caused their downfall (Childress, 1992). The Mayans flee their homes for survival due to lack of food and the raging war. This also led to another theory of corrupted and faulty officials in their system of power. Others believed that the downfall was as a result of deterioration of their agricultural system. The mystery gets well elaborated by this theory. Mayans relied heavily on agricultural activities. They believed that their ever increasing population resulted to high demand of food and shelter. The worn out soil was not able to support the demanding population. Hence, people got forced to leave their homes in pursuit of greener pasture. Apart from soil deterioration, the region experienced a massive drought (Scholl, 2009). A direct proof of showing that Maya areas experienced a massive drought during the ninth century got discovered at Yucatan region in Mexico. A team of researchers from the University of Florida conducted research at Lake Chichancanab and found reliable evidence to proof Gill’s theory. The scientists got concerned in past climates, and carried their research by extracting mud from the bed of the lake. Shells and seeds got removed from the mud and taken to laboratory for further analysis (Scholl, 2009). The findings in the laboratory indicated that Maya experienced a massive drought during the ninth century. Hence, it provided the much needed evidence in Gill’s theory of drought in

Philosophy and Religious Belief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy and Religious Belief - Essay Example tion of helping humans to be able to deal with aspects of life they are not able to understand, or are afraid of and therefore not entirely necessary for meaningful human existence. There have been all types of explanations for religion. Many professional have written about. For instance, Tolstoy (58), after going through an episode of meaningless of life, concluded that only faith (or religion), can be able to explain life and that only faith can help people to understand life and thus help them have a meaningful life. This argument by Tolstoy seems to prove Freud’s (10), argument about faith; that faith and religion are used by man as a way to deal with the aspects of life they do not understand. In his book, Theism as Illusion, he argues that people ascribe to religious beliefs because it helps them deal with aspects of life they are not able to comprehend or that give them anxiety. He argues that men ascribe to the belief of life after death because they are scared of death. Death is a scary phenomenon for most people because of two main factors. First, the finality of death scares people. Death is not undoable; once it happens, the diseased is gone and gone forever. The second issue about death that may make people want to believe in a second life after death is the fact that they are do not know what happens after it There is no way to know what happens to a person after they die. This finality and unknown nature of death comes as a scare for most humans and therefore the idea of an afterlife acts as a beacon of hope, as a way to overcome death. Almost every religion there is, from the early Egyptian religion to modern Christianity to Hinduism and Islam, believe in an afterlife, even if they do not believe in the same God. The Egyptians took it a little too far by building massive pyramids for their kings in order to immortalize them and thus also immortalize themselves. This may be an indication that religion serves the purpose of assisting people to deal

Self Evaluation Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Self Evaluation - Personal Statement Example Even a person with no knowledge of health care and no sensitivity to diversity could understand the topic. The sentence from Page 4, "But healthcare is more than just medical equipment, hospitals, and adequate insurance. Healthcare is a competent staff that can relate to the patients and effectively care for them within the context of their own needs and desires", relates a focused thought that can get someone to start thinking differently about our health care system. It could be read by anyone and have the opportunity to inform them or change their mind. This has become a very important part or writing to me. 2.) My weakest essay was "The Literacy Behind Patient Care". The paper opens with a weak line telling the reader what the paper is about. It should have grabbed their attention and made them curious. Many of the sentences are not well constructed. This also holds true for the paragraphs that ramble and jump from idea to idea. Overall, the paper is difficult to read and its intentions are not clear. The essay spends too much time showing specific examples and does not clearly show the results of the examples or why they are important. 3.) To improve "The Literacy Behind Patient Care" I would first determine what I wanted the reader to take away from the essay. I wanted to demonstrate why patient literacy was important, not what it was. I would write a thesis that stated the patient literacy was important because it impacts a patient's well-being. I would then write an outline that explained all the ways that a patient can suffer from improper care. I would then construct each paragraph in the outline before starting to write. I would also spend more time revising the draft. I would have some other people, not necessarily students, read the paper and ask for their reaction. 4.) My revising and editing skills have greatly improved during this class. At the beginning I did not understand the necessity of revising a paper. I didn't even know what to look for when revising. Now, I can look at each paragraph as an independent topic, and how it relates to the paragraphs around it. I can look at the paragraph and see if it flows from opening to closing and is supported by evidence and facts. I also look at each sentence to see if it is grammatically correct and easy to read. These skills were unknown and overwhelming at the beginning of the course, but I now see they are steps in the writing process. Revising and editing each paragraph and each sentence has made the task less of an obstacle. Knowing the key points of transition and relevance has been important to improving my writing skills. I now revise and edit in pieces, rather than the entire paper at once. 5.) My writing was improved most by my concept of the writing process. In the beginning papers, I thought a person could just write their thoughts and that would be the end of the task. I now understand that I can write freely in a draft and go back and edit it. I don't feel pressured to get it exactly right the first time. The drafting and revising process has had a great impact on improving my papers. Also, the feedback and advice from other people has helped me. I am no longer shy about showing my essays and asking for an honest opinion. Making small changes in the language or correcting structural errors have made my papers more clear and easier to read. The writing center has also helped me to develop the technique and

Operations Management - Just in Time and Material Resource Planning Essay

Operations Management - Just in Time and Material Resource Planning - Essay Example Let's look at an example of 2 Motorcycle manufacturers. The end product in this case is the motorcycle while the inventory required could vary from engine, engine components, wheel etc to nuts, bolts and spares. Manufacturer 1 stocks up inventory for all spares and components because he believes customer service could be better optimized with constant supply of materials. Accordingly, his relative requirement for working capital increases as he needs to invest more in procurement and storage of the components. Not having enough capital to invest, he also borrows capital and ends up paying interest for this purpose increasing his cost. Indeed he would in the this scenario like to pass o the burden to the consumer thereby scaling up the price of his product to cover his cost and still maintain his profit margin. To the contrary, Manufacturer 2 follows Just in Time inventory management system. He maintains excellent terms with his suppliers that they would as and when required immediately supply him with components required for his end product. Accordingly, his relative requirement for working capital is almost negligible as he does not have the requirement to block his capital for procurement and storage of the components.

Strategic Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Leadership - Coursework Example e the resources of the company are correctly and effectively being used and activities are being correctly and accurately being reported (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012). Some of the examples of these controls include budgets, bank reconciliations, cross segregation of duties e.g. for book-keeper posting cash and the receiver of mails, etc. Therefore, from the definitions and examples above, it is evident one major difference between the two is that, strategic controls affect the whole company activities (internal and external) while financial control focus on the internal environment more specifically, the financial resources of the company (Bert, n.d.). It is important to note that a leader’s influence can only be felt within the organization if such a leader behaves ethically. Therefore, given that the human capital play a significant role in determining the company’s success, then there is need for me as a manager responsible for developing and training employees to behave ethically in order to cultivate a better culture in the subordinates. Moreover, I believe that my position is in tandem with many strategic leaders because of the changing workplace environment due diversity in culture, attitude and work ethics. Therefore, to be able to retain better and efficient talent within the organization, many strategic leaders have started investing huge resources in developing and nurturing the talent of subordinates by ensuring that they behave ethically to be able to exercise maximum influence on the

Public Productivity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Productivity - Essay Example At such a time, this will only diminish the people’s trust on the government. Follow the money is a phrase that is used to refer to the corruption in government offices. This indicates that sometimes policy makers don’t put ahead the needs of the people but rather their personal interest. The â€Å"follow the money† phrase can be traced back to the Watergate scandal. This shows that sometimes people in offices of power are likely to make selfish decisions which are not helpful to the taxpayers but that will help them achieve their personal interests. Setting budgetary priorities for policy implementation is important in a number of ways. To begin with, it helps in making sure that decisions will be based on rational list of priorities and will not be based in other priorities. Secondly, it will also mean that the individuals will not put their interest before the interests of the public. Public funds are rarely at excess and there is always some part of the budget which will need to be denied in order to make sure that others are met. Therefore, it is important for priorities to be considered in the budget to make sure that the most pressing needs in the public expenditure are met first. The budget is the spine that holds up all government policy. It translates the government’s policy into decision making and is then the source of all the decisions such as how much revenue the government intends to raise. It also plays the central role in determining how the government will be able to actualize it promises and commitments to the people. Different situations require different decisions making strategies in order to reach the optimum decision. For the policy makers of a country to be able to reach the best decisions which will lead the best service to the public, they must be able to understand this and apply the

Strategic Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Leadership - Coursework Example e the resources of the company are correctly and effectively being used and activities are being correctly and accurately being reported (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson, 2012). Some of the examples of these controls include budgets, bank reconciliations, cross segregation of duties e.g. for book-keeper posting cash and the receiver of mails, etc. Therefore, from the definitions and examples above, it is evident one major difference between the two is that, strategic controls affect the whole company activities (internal and external) while financial control focus on the internal environment more specifically, the financial resources of the company (Bert, n.d.). It is important to note that a leader’s influence can only be felt within the organization if such a leader behaves ethically. Therefore, given that the human capital play a significant role in determining the company’s success, then there is need for me as a manager responsible for developing and training employees to behave ethically in order to cultivate a better culture in the subordinates. Moreover, I believe that my position is in tandem with many strategic leaders because of the changing workplace environment due diversity in culture, attitude and work ethics. Therefore, to be able to retain better and efficient talent within the organization, many strategic leaders have started investing huge resources in developing and nurturing the talent of subordinates by ensuring that they behave ethically to be able to exercise maximum influence on the

BPMN advantages, disadvantages within system integration Essay

BPMN advantages, disadvantages within system integration - Essay Example Business Process Modeling Notation offers a common universal language thereby reducing the communication barriers that existed in designing the business process models. Business Process Modeling Notation also helps in bridging the gaps that existed in communication which affected the process of business modeling from the designing stage to the implementation stage.Since Business Process Modeling Notation uses the technique of flowcharting, the method has made information relaying simpler. This is because use of images assists users and designers in summarizing information. A single flowchart can be used to reflect many situations that would have required a lot of words in explaining and representing.Another significant advantage of using Business Process Modeling Notation is the fact that it is a simple model. The model embraces simplicity by converting information and representing it in a simple flowchart. This gives it an upper hand in the market since every business is after a sim ple model that will serve its purposes and at the same time it is easily applicable in every business environment provided that the firm maintains proper records and comprehensive data on its operations.Business Process Modeling Notation is an important model especially in firms that has adopted process automation. In the modern world, more and more companies have adopted a system that supports high levels of information technology since this makes operations in the company much smoother.

3 Levels of Society Essay Example for Free

3 Levels of Society Essay Society consists of three levels: the upper, middle, and lower class. This was established by philosophers Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx. Marx stated his views, known as the Marxist Theory. The Marxist view of scientific socialism was based on the short writings and views from two social scientists. The theory conceived by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels provided theoretical basis for the struggle of the working class to gain a higher class in society. â€Å"They viewed crime as function of social demoralization, caused by the Capitalist society. While Karl Marx himself did not write much on the topic of crime, his views on the relationship between the concept of social conflict, this concept was first applied to criminology by three distinguished scholars: Willem Bonger, Ralf Dahrendorf, and George Vold.† (Pg. 269 Seigel Larry J.). Willem Bonger had the belief that society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"have’s† or â€Å"the ruling class† and the â€Å"have not’s† or â€Å"the inferior class†. The law is supposed to protect all classes of society, but in reality the law serves the will of the ruling class. Unless a situation is in a potentially harmful way of the ruling class, no actions are taken. But when actions such as crime affect the people of power and something has to be done, the legal system discriminates against the poor because of the capitalist society. Being the lower class, people are deprived of materials and are still monopolized by the upper class, they now are more likely to commit crime. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society of today was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. There are two associations who make up society, the people who have authority and us it for social domination and then there’s those who lack authority and are dominated. He says that society needs to step away from the ruling of classes and adhere to the idea of authority. Ralf states that society is made up of competing interest groups and formed his own theory on human behavior called the â€Å"conflict theory†. This theory is based off of a few ideas, such as, social change is everywhere, social conflict is everywhere, and every element in society iis a contribution to its own change. George Vold argued that the laws are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government. They need help protecting their rights and interests so they need someone with forceful power to help. He feels that a law can be created be enough people who share the same view and interests. In the end every case and criminal situation involves conflict of some sort. Crime is viewed as a social demoralization, as stated earlier. All three of these distinguished scholars had their own theories, overlapping in belief or not, on how society and crime worked. Willem Bonger believed society was divided into two groups, the â€Å"haves† and the â€Å"Have nots†. Ralf Dahrendorf argued that society was organized into imperatively coordinated associations. And George Vold said that the laws were/are made to help politically orienteered groups, who seek aid by the government.

Much Ado About Nothing - A Feminist Perspective of Hero Essay -- Femin

A Feminist Perspective of Hero in Much Ado About Nothing  Ã‚     Ã‚   Unlike the title of this piece suggests, Hero did not undergo her transformation in Much Ado About Nothing through magic.   Rather, Hero was a victim of the double standards and illogical fears that the men of Shakespeare’s plays commonly held.   The following quote sums it up quite well:   In the plays female sexuality is not expressed variously through courtship, pregnancy, childbearing, and remarriage, as it is in the period.   Instead it is narrowly defined and contained by the conventions of Petrarchan love and cuckoldry.   The first idealizes women as a catalyst to male virtue, insisting on their absolute purity.   The second fears and mistrusts them for their (usually fantasized) infidelity, an infidelity that requires their actual or temporary elimination from the world of men, which then re-forms [sic] itself around the certainty of men’s shared victimization (Neely 127).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hero’s plight in Much Ado About Nothing is a perfect example of how the skewed male perspective can turn a sweet and innocent girl into a scheming strumpet in no time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main problem is young Count Claudio.   He is immature when it comes to matters of love, and it shows when he hints of his growing feelings for Hero when he asks Benedick what he thinks of her (I.i.161).   Claudio cannot come out and just say that he has feelings for Hero, he has to seek approval from his male counterparts first.   While talking to both Benedick and Don Pedro, Claudio describes his feelings as passion first (I.i.219-220), and then he says, â€Å"That I love her, I feel† (I.i.228), indicating that he knows he feels something for Hero, but he is unsure of exactly what his feeling... ...   Ironically, this has occurred because of the folly of the men, almost making up for the double standards exercised in the beginning†¦But not quite.   Hero should not have had to depend on the men to regain her honor. Works Cited   Ã‚   Much Ado About Nothing.   Directed by Kenneth Branagh.   Samuel Goldwyn Company and Renaissance Films, 1993.    Much Ado About Nothing.   The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed.   Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.   366-398.    Neely, Carol Thomas.   â€Å"Shakespeare’s Women: Historical Facts and Dramatic Representations.†Ã‚   Shakespeare’s Personality.   Ed. Norman N. Holland, Sidney Homan, and Bernard J. Paris.   Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.   116-134.    Ranald, Margaret Loftus.   â€Å" 'As Marriage Binds, and Blood Breaks': English Marriage and Shakespeare† Shakespeare Quarterly 30, (1979): 68-81.      

Economics of Aquaculture United States :: essays papers

Economics of Aquaculture United States Aquaculture is the fastest growing "agricultural" industry in the United States. In 1990, there were over 100 species cultured; eight species accounted for approximately 70% of total culture, with over 3400 aquaculture operations in the United States. This trend is driven by increased demand for fisheries product and reduced yield from traditional fisheries landings (National Research Council, 1982). Given the increased demand, there is a significant potential for job creation in an expanded aquacultural industry. The estimated U.S. Total Aquaculture Production (including freshwater) has more than doubled from 139,887 metric tons with a total value of over $260 million in 1983 to an estimated 313,518 metric tons with a total value of over $724 million in 1992. (NMFS Statistics Division) The aquaculture industry supports an infrastructure of hatcheries, feed mills, processing plants, equipment manufacturers, and suppliers of specialty services and products, as well as enhancing the natural fishery with juvenile finfish and shellfish seed and spat. U.S. annual per capita consumption of fish and shellfish has increased since estimates were first made in 1909. At that time the per capita estimate was 11 lbs., in the 1950 and 60's it was well below 5 lbs., and in 1993 it was 15 lbs. (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1993). Most remarkable was the sharp rise in consumption from 1970 (about 4 lbs.) to 1990 (about 5 lbs.) The domestic seafood industry has identified a goal of increasing domestic seafood consumption to 20 lbs/per capita by the year 2000 although this appears unlikely. It is estimated that 10% - 14% of the fishery products currently consumed in the United States are aquaculturally derived. Changing consumer preferences combined with the reduction in the wild fishery appear to be the dominant factor in the growth of aquaculture. (FDA, 1990) Most of the United States' demand for seafood is met by imports. The value of imported fisheries products more than doubled during the 1980's, to $9.6 billion in 1989. This resulted in a significant trade deficit - $4.9 billion for all fisheries products and $3.1 billion for edible fish and shellfish in 1989. Imported fisheries products contribute more to the United States' trade imbalance than any other food or agricultural commodity. After petroleum products, imported seafood contributes more to the United States trade deficit than any other natural resources product.

The direct effects of Johnes disease

IntroductionMycobacterium avium races paratuberculosis ( MAP ) is the causative agent of an incurable, infective, chronic, granulomatous enteritis in ruminants, called Johne ‘s disease or paratuberculosis. The direct effects of Johne ‘s disease on animate being public assistance and productiveness may look insignificant and are frequently masked by the mostly subclinical character of the disease in domesticated farm animal ( incubation period prior to the oncoming of clinical marks by and large ranges from 2 to 10 old ages ) { { 1 Lepper, A.W. 1989 } } { { 2 Chiodini, R.J. 1984 } } .The economic impact of JohneA?s on dairy cowss industries is significant. Estimated costs as a consequence of reduced weight addition, milk production loss, premature culling and decreased carcase value add up to an one-year sum of $ 250 million ( USD ) in the United States industry entirely { { 3 Ott, S.L. 1999 } } . More recent in-depth estimations indicate a important relationship being between Johne ‘s disease position and decreased milk production { { 51 Smith, R.L. 2009 } } , increased hazard of being culled { { 40 Smith, R.L. 2010 } } and a reduced calving rate in high sloughing animate beings. The on-going contention refering the possible function of MAP in Crohn ‘s disease ( human inflammatory intestine disease ) suggests that MAP itself might be of great public wellness significance { { 17 Hermon-Taylor, J. 2000 } } .1.2. Transmission of MAPCattles are most susceptible to infection as calves from birth to a few months of age { { 27 Taylor, A.W. 1953 ; 55 Windsor, P.A. 2010 } } , but can besides be infected as grownups { { 28 Doyle, T.M. 1951 } } .Transmission of MAP can happen by a assortment of paths in dairy cowss ; horizontally by consumption of MAP from the environment, or vertically from dike to calf. Evidence of intrauterine transmittal and sloughing of MAP in milk and foremilk has been reported by several surveies { { 5 Nielsen, S.S. 2008 ; 25 Seitz, S.E. 1989 ; 24 Sweeney, R.W. 1992 } } . Although calf-to-calf transmittal has besides been demonstrated in several experimental scenes where calves are being housed together { { 52 RANKIN, J.D. 1961 ; 53 new wave Roermund, H.J. 2007 } } horizontal infection from cattles to calves and perpendicular infection from dike to calf are believed to be the most common and most of import infection paths in dairy cowss. Previous surveies besides describe that calves born from positive tested dikes were at a significantly higher hazard of going Map infected than calves without this risk-profile. Besides calves turning up with a future high spiller and calves being born shortly following the freshening of an septic dike were at higher hazard being infected { { 29 Benedictus, A. 2008 } } .1.3. Treatment & A ; controlPresently, there is no satisfactory intervention for the disease. No disinfectants are approved for the intervention of Johne ‘s disease because of their deficiency of efficiency and their failure to supply bacteriological remedy. A vaccinum for Johne ‘s disease exists but is non really normally used because it interferes with the reading of the current TB tegument trial and its inability to wholly forestall infection { { 44 Muskens, J. 2002 } } . Consequently JohneA?s disease is presently controlled via control plans that implement a assortment of production patterns. The most cost-efficient option for cut downing the prevalence of MAP infection in herds is application of hazard direction steps to interrupt known transmittal paths { { 6 Groenendaal, H. 2003 ; 16 Kudahl, A.B. 2009 } } . Current MAP control plans are risk-based. Management-wise, animate beings are divided into high and low hazard animate beings, by looking at the consequences of 4 one-year showings that test all lactating cattles for MAP specific antibodies in the milk { { 47 Nielsen, S.S. 2011 } } . Particular production pattern recommendations are provided for pull offing bad animate beings and these recommendations chiefly focus on within-herd MAP transmittal { { 46 Nielsen, S.S. 2007 } } .According to recent surveies, implementing patterns that can minimise the exposure of MAP to newborn calves should take precedence in control plans { { 45 Pillars, R.B. 20 11 } } . However, control steps are really expensive and non cost-effective. Current control steps do non take into history that MAP can be transmitted vertically and ignores the possibility that there is familial fluctuation in cowss associated with differential susceptibleness to Johne ‘s doing girls of septic dikes more likely to be infected even if hygiene steps are implemented absolutely at birth.1.4. Heritability of susceptiblenessConsiderable work on linkage between genetic sciences and the opposition, tolerance or susceptibleness to Mycobacterium avium races paratuberculosis. Heritability of susceptibleness to infection with MAP has been estimated from 0.06 to 0.159 { { 18 Koets, A.P. 2000 ; 31 Mortensen, H. 2004 ; 37 Hinger, M. 2008 ; 38 Attalla, S.A. 2010 } } . The broad fluctuation in these extimates can be explained by differences in definition of infection and nosologies ( blood or milk ELISA, faecal civilizations, tissue civilizations ) , sample sizes, survey population ( breed ) and statistical theoretical accounts ( assorted animate being theoretical account, beget theoretical account ) used. Two genome-wide surveies have identified venue for resistence or susceptibleness to infection by MAP utilizing Illumina Bovine SNP50 assay { { 32 Settles, M. 2009 ; 33 Minozzi, G. 2010 } } . A SNP on chromosome 9 ( BTA9 ) is associated with casting ( being faecal civilization positive ) when genuinely infected ( tissue civilization positive { { 32 Settles, M. 2009 } } and being ELISA positive { { 33 Minozzi, G. 2010 } } . Zanella et Al. performed an association survey on the same dataset as Settles et Al. and found BTA6 to be associated with tolerence to paratuberculosis { { 43 Zanella, R. 2011 } } . Several campaigner cistrons identified by these genome-wide surveies have been examined for farther association with infection. Attempts to turn up cistrons associated with susceptibleness or opposition to paratuberculosis hold had limited success. Pinedo et al 2009 identified an association of caspase enlisting sphere 15 ( CARD15 ) with infection { { 34 Pinedo, P.J. 2009 } } , while a separate comparative analysis of bovine, murine, and human CARD15 transcripts suggest no important associations between fluctuation in the CARD15 and disease position { { 41 Taylor, K.H. 2006 } } .Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) was associated with infection in recent work by Mucha et Al. 2009 but was non associated with infection in a coincident independent analysis { { 49 Pinedo, P.J. 2009 } } . Tendency towards association between infection and variant allelomorphs of the SLC11A1gene ( once NRAMP1 ) { { 34 Pinedo, P.J. 2009 } } is consistent with a population-based familial association survey carried out by Ruiz-Larranaga et Al. { { 42 Ruiz-Larranaga, O. 2010 } } , but conflicting consequences were presented by a population ba sed association survey by Hinger et Al. 2007 { { 39 Hinger, M. 2007 } } . Hinger et Al. and Minozzi used ELISA-tests as a diagnostic step to sort animate beings as septic whereas Pinedo et Al. used a combination of ELISA and faecal civilization to specify infection and Settles et Al used faecal and tissue civilization. The complexness of the intracellular infective disease Mycobacterium avium races paratuberculosis causes suggests engagement of many different cistrons that perchance interact with one another and with external factors from the environment. In add-on, the different procedures involved in early disease and late disease are yet ill-defined and may besides be reflected in the different venue found to be associated with the categorization of the type of infection. Particularly because pathogenesis of the disease is non to the full understood and sensitiveness of ELISA trials is rather low in latent or low casting animate beings { { 10 McKenna, S.L. 2006 ; 54 Eamens, G.J. 2000 } } { { 50 Nielsen, S.S. 2008 } } , case-control association surveies that use chiefly tissue and fecal nosologies in order to find the true infection position of the cow present the most dependable consequences.1.5. Vertical transmittalTo look into the importance of perpendicular transmittal, old surveies tried to find the prevalence of foetal infection in cowss and estimated the incidence of calves infected via in utero transmittal. On norm, approximately 9 % of foetuss from subclinically infected cattles ( faecal civilization positive ) and 39 % from clinical cattles were infected with MAP prior to deliver { { 4 Whittington, R.J. 2009 } } . Harmonizing to Whittington and Windsor { { 4 Whittington, R.J. 2009 } } existent prevalence of foetal MAP infection would be higher than reported because some of the methods and protocols used in these surveies to handle and prove samples have really low specificity { { 54 Eamens, G.J. 2000 } } . The estimated incidence of calf infection derived via the in utero path depends on within-herd prevalence and the ratio of sub-clinical to clinical instances among septic cattles. The mean perpendicular infection rates mentioned above are derived from the consequence of five independent surveies published between 1980 and 2003.1.6 Strain typewritingCurrent developments in molecular genetic sciences make it possible to disciminate Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis strains with different fingerprinting techniques { { 36 Motiwala, A.S. 2006 } } . These techniques can besides be used as a tool to look into the possibility of perpendicular transmittal by comparing strains carried by the dike w ith strains carried by the girl. When comparing different MAP fingerprinting techniques, the Multi Locus Short Sequence Repeat technique utilizing all 11 venues selected by Amonsin et Al. 2004 has the highest prejudiced power with a Simpsons diverseness index of 0.967 { { 36 Motiwala, A.S. 2006 } } . Harris et Al. 2006 used four of these identified repetitions ( locus 1, venue 2, locus 8 and locus 9 ) to distinguish MAP strains { { 21 Harris, N.B. 2006 } } . To analyze diverseness of the selected MAP isolates we used these same four venue for MLSSR analysis and added venue 3, venue 5, venue 6, locus 10 and locus 11 in order to observe more diverity among dam and daughter isolates. Strain typing methods to longitudinal datasets can now supply us with extra penetration into within herd infection kineticss, including the transmittal of MAP from dikes to girls.

Gender Differences in Mathematics Essay

Throughout the first half of the 20th century and into the second, women studying or working in engineering were popularly perceived as oddities at best, outcasts at worst, defying traditional gender norms. Female engineers created systems of social, psychological, and financial mutual support, through such strategies, conditions for female engineers changed noticeably over just a few decades, although many challenges remain. Engineering education in the United States has had a gendered history, one that until relatively recently prevented women from finding a place in the predominantly male technical world. For decades, Americans treated the professional study of technology as men’s territory. At places where engineering’s macho culture had become most ingrained, talk of women engineers seemed ridiculous (Sax, 2005). For years it’s been assumed that young women avoid careers in mathematics-based fields, like engineering and physics, because they lack confidence in their math skills. But a new study finds that it’s not a lack of confidence in their math skills that drives girls from those fields; it’s a desire to work in people-oriented professions. It has been found that young women who are strong in math tend to seek careers in the biological sciences. They value working with and for people, they don’t perceive engineering as a profession that meets that need. The environment at many tech schools is hostile toward helping students achieve a degree and is more geared toward weeding out those who are struggling. It’s difficult to come up with alternative engineering solutions if everybody in the room looks alike. That’s the initial reason why automakers and suppliers are busy trying to identify and hire minority and women engineers. The business case is that if more than half of an automaker’s customers are either female and/or people of color, which they are, then those groups need to be represented in every sector of the company. One of the most important areas for automakers to get a range of views is in product development. With that diversity mission in mind, DaimlerChrysler Corp. , Ford Motor Co. and General Motors Corp. , all have mounted aggressive programs to identify and hire minority and women engineers. At GM the story is the same. To attract minority and women engineers, the automaker proclaims that innovation comes from the people who see the world in a different way than everyone else. One women and minorities enter into the automotive engineering ranks, they need to be challenged and encouraged to develop their careers or they’ll be gone (Sax, 2005). It’s not just the Big Three that are working to create a more diverse engineering workforce. Suppliers and engineering support organizations such as the Society of Automotive Engineers are trying to draw more women and minorities into the profession. Faced with chronically small percentages of minorities and women in virtually every segment of engineering, companies are going to great lengths to attract them to the world of automotive engineering. Harvard President Lawrence Summers ignited a firestorm recently when he suggested more men than women are scientists because of differences between males and females in â€Å"intrinsic aptitude. † Many scientists-both men and women-expressed outrage at Summer’s remarks and blamed any lag in math among girls mainly on discrimination and socialization (Dean, 2006). They point out that girls have closed the gap in average scores on most standardized math tests in elementary and high school. Today women constitute almost half of college math majors and more than half of biology majors. But Summer’s supporters say he courageously raised a legitimate question for scientific inquiry. Indeed, in recent years some researchers have been pursuing a scientific explanation for the discrepancies in math and science aptitude and achievement among boys and girls and have found differences, including biological ones. Summer’s suggestion that women are biologically inferior in math infuriated many female scientists. Some asserted that the other two factors he mentioned were far more important in keeping women out of science: sex discrimination and the way girls are taught to view math as male territory. Some differences are well established. Girls do better on tests of content learned in class and score much higher on reading and writing tests than boys. Boys score higher on standardized tests with math and science problems not directly tied to their school curriculum. On tests of spatial awareness, boys do better on tests that involve navigation through space. Girls are better at remembering objects and landmarks. Studies show differences in brain structure and hormonal levels that appear to influence spatial reasoning. But the implications of these differences for real world math and science achievement remain unclear. â€Å"There is evidence that male and female brains differ anatomically is subtle ways, but no one knows how these anatomical differences relate to cognitive performance,† (Dean, 2006). At the heart of the current controversy is a societal implication-that the failure of an institution like Harvard to tenure even one woman mathematician can be blamed on the lack of top-flight women mathematicians, which in turn can be blamed on too-few top female minds in math. As evidence of intrinsic aptitude differences, Summers pointed out that more boys than girls receive top scores on standardized math tests. Today girls receive better grades than boys in math and science through high school, have closed the gap on average scores on most standardized math tests and take more advantage high school classes than boys in almost every category except physics and high-level calculus. In college they constitute nearly half the math majors and more than half the biology majors. Indeed, today a growing number of researchers contend boys are the ones who are shortchanged-judging by the larger proportion of boys in special-education classes and the declining proportion attending college. Women now make up 56 percent of students enrolled in college; by 2012, the Department of Education projects they will account for about 60 percent of bachelor’s degrees (2002). The fact that more boys than girls make top scores on standardized math tests is often invoked as evidence that boys possess an innate superiority in high-level math. Experts on both sides of the divide agree gender differences are real, even if they disagree bout how much is socially learned and how much biologically based. Girls do better on writing and on algebra problems, probably because algebraic equations are similar to sentences, and girls excel in language processing. Boys are better at mathematical word problems; girls are better at mathematical calculation. Boys and girls also differ on spatial skills, and experts are divided over how innate or important these differences are. A recent study of the Graduate Record Exam, for instance, found men did better on math problems where a spatially based solution was an advantage (Gallagher, & Kaufman, 2005). Sex hormones have been shown in several studies to affect the ability to envision an object rotating in space. Females who take male hormones to prepare for a sex-change operation improve on tests of 3-D rotation and get worse on tests of verbal fluency, at which women typically excel. During their menstrual cycle, women do better on 3-D rotation when levels of the female hormone estrogen are low; they do better on verbal fluency when estrogen levels are high. If science be taught directly with a hands-on, inquiry-based approach, it sustains girl’s interest in science. Girls like to work in cooperative teams, a lot of science was taught in a competitive mode. Women scientists also earn less than men. But it’s only fair that women who work fewer hours face the economic consequences of lower salaries and less status. References: Dean, Cornelia. (2006). â€Å"Dismissing ‘Sexist Opinions’ About Women’s Place in Science†. A Conversation with Ben A. Barres. The New York Times. July 18, 2006, pp. 1-5. Gallagher, Ann M. , & Kaufman, James M. (2005). â€Å"Gender Differences in Mathematics: An Integrative Psychological Approach. Cambridge University Press. National Center for Education Statistics, â€Å"Projections of Education Statistics To 2012†. (2002). Available on-line: http://nces. ed. gov/pubs2002/proj. 2012/ch_2. asp.. Sax, Leonard. (2005). Too Few Women- â€Å"Figure It Out†. Los Angeles Times. Jan. 23, 2005.

Role of Financial Institutions in the Global Economy

Globalization has sparked a revolution in information and communication technology, resulting in the emergence of an era that boasts the arrival of new levels of global interconnectedness. As a result, globalization has also increased the significance of the many different roles that financial institutions play in the overall global economy. Financial institutions can play several roles, ranging from operating as a simple method of savings, to functioning as an important revitalization source in a low-income community. This paper will explain the general role of financial institutions in the global economy, will touch on more significant individual roles, and discuss the overall role of international financial institutions. Research indicates that a financial institutions' role as an intermediary is clearest in the credit and deposit business (Krayer, 2002). The usual function involves clients bringing to the bank their savings, or money which the bank transfers to its credit clients in the form of loans. In the loan instance, a borrower's credit rating may change during the life of a loan, thereby changing the value of the loan at that point in time, which reflects the interest and amortization payments expected in the future (Krayer, 2002). In some cases, credits may even become entirely worthless if borrowers become insolvent and bankrupt (Krayer, 2002). Another function which banks perform within an economy is rating and selecting the loans they finance. Through their activities as an agent, another essential function performed by banks is to reduce risks overall (Krayer, 2002). In this way, the general role of banks is to undertake and provide specific products or services. Financial institutions also play an additional role within an economy by granting loans, processing payments, accepting deposits, and carrying out investments. Through these activities, banks create added value for their clients, employees, service providers and shareholders. As a result, there is a significant amount of potential damage were a bank to collapse. Thus, the economic benefits generated by a bank are basically no different from the economic benefits generated by a doctor, teacher or train driver: by exercising, to the best of their knowledge and abilities, their specialist function in competition with others, companies and their employees make their contribution to economic benefit (Krayer, 2002). Research indicates that bankers act responsibly when they ensure that their house is in order and resist the temptation to pass off poor financial performance as a contribution to the economy (Krayer, 2002). Larger financial institutions play an additional role than just that of providing typical banking services. Financial institutions can form the core of economic development in a low-income community. For example, the World Bank's focus is on project lending and structural reforms that enhance long-run development and poverty alleviation (Stiglitz, 1998). The role of the World Bank in the global economy is to address pressing issues such as weak financial sectors, lack of transparency and poor governance in the corporate sectors, and weaknesses in external liability management will help restore confidence among foreign and domestic investors (Stiglitz, 1998). In this way, the World Bank acts to reactivate poor economies and thus to protect and extend social and economic achievements. In poorer countries, the World Bank appears to operate in coordination with the government as it steps in and fills the income-security gap that is left by companies closing and workers losing their jobs. Over the longer term, the World Bank will be working with countries to help them design modern, durable social safety nets that complement their other structural reforms (Stiglitz, 1998). Finally, as illustrated above, the role of financial institutions is very diverse, as communities depend on them for basic transactions such as savings and loans. In the larger view, however, banks operate as the financial support of an economy, the stabilization of which the community depends on.

US cold war foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US cold war foreign policy - Essay Example When the Berlin Wall started to fall in November 1989, it represented the beginning of the end of a nearly 45 year conflict. All over Eastern Europe, millions of people cried out for freedom. Within two years, the Soviet Union dissolved and so too had the Cold War.Many in the West called this a victory with many praising U.S. President Ronald Reagan and his aggressive, military policy towards the Soviet Union. Francis Fukuyama called it the end of history.1 Others looked to the future with U.S. President George H. W.Bush speaking about a 'new world order'.2 Yet, the absolute victory Fukuyama spoke of is misleading. Bush's vision of the future is tainted by 'new' elements, Osama bin Laden, that are directly linked to the policies of the Cold War. To understand our Cold War policies and their effects requires us to examine some of the earliest documents of this conflict. This includes George Kennan's "Long Telegram" and his "Mr. X" article as well as Walter Lippman's response. NSC-68 a nd The Ugly American will also be analyzed. Together, these documents provide the necessary foundation from which to more completely understand how the Cold War ended and why.When Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945, it ended World War II fighting in Europe. Almost immediately, though, the Soviet Union and the United States of America started to establish radically different policies in respect to recently liberated European counties. By 1946, tension between the former war allies started to mount. George Kennan, a member of the U.S. State Department stationed in Moscow, wrote a letter to Secretary of State James Byrnes describing the Soviet Union and her ambitions in the midst of this tension. In his "Long Telegram", Kennan argues that the "Kremlin's neurotic view of world affairs is traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity."3 Kennan separates the Russian people from the ruling class, and, more importantly, finds complexity in the policy positions of the Soviet Union. Further, while the Soviet Union is insecure, Kennan believes that the Soviet Union thinks slowly in respect to international conflicts and internal stability is of particular importance to the regime. Accordingly, Kennan suggests that the United States should engage the Soviet Union on many fronts; diplomatic, economic and military. Kennan finishes the telegram with a note of caution: "the greatest danger that can befall us in coping with this problem of Soviet communism is that we shall allow ourselves to become like those with whom we are coping."4 In 1947, Kennan wrote an article for Foreign Affairs under the name 'Mr. X'. In "The Sources of Soviet Conduct", Kennan offers a more compact version of the 'Long Telegram'. Kennan argues that the United State must lead the 'fight' against the Soviet Union. However, he only uses the words 'military' and 'conflict' once and argues that the United States should apply "a cautious, persistent pressure toward the disruption and, weakening of all rival influence and rival power."5 Further, Kennan notes that "the United States has it in its power to increase enormously the strains under which Soviet policy must operate."6 This, though, did not mean solely military engagement. Walter Lippman responded by arguing that the United States should "concentrate our effort on treaties of peace which would end the occupation of Europe."7 Unlike Kennan, Lippman believed that recent Soviet actions demonstrated that it was a much more violent country, prone to aggressive international behavior. Accordi ngly, Lippman took a more militaristic stance again the Soviet Union and the concept of containment. Then, in 1950, the U.S. policy towards the Soviet Union was more officially codified in 'NSC 68: United States Objectives and Programs for National Security'. While using Kennan as a starting point, the document leans more towards Lippman's conception of the Soviet threat and has a more militaristic response. NSC-68 argues for a "rapid and concerted build-up of the actual strength of

The Population Variance and Standard Deviation Speech or Presentation

The Population Variance and Standard Deviation - Speech or Presentation Example The standard deviation of the sample was 4.1 million. Find the 95% confidence interval of the true mean. Â  12. It has been reported that 20.4% of incoming freshmen indicate that they will major in business or a related field. A random sample of 400 incoming college freshmen was asked their preference, and 95 replied they were considering business major. Estimate the true proportion of freshmen business majors with 98% confidence. Does your interval contain 20.4? Â  16. A recent study indicated that 29% of the 100 women over age 55 in the study were widows. How large a sample must you take to be 90% confident that the estimate is within 0.05 of the true proportion of women over age 55 who are widows? Â  8. Find the 90% confidence interval for the variance and standard deviation of seniors at Oak Park College if a sample of 24 students has a standard deviation of 2.4 years and the variable is normally distributed. What would be the 95% confidence interval? Â  12. The percentage rates of home ownership for 8 randomly selected states are listed below. Estimate the population variance and standard deviation for the percentage rate of home ownership.

Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural - Essay Example The nation was at the crossroads with the process of meeting the threat of secession and absorbing the shocks of the related challenges.Abraham Lincoln, the greatest American President, had to face the bitter critics for his style of functioning. In this connection, one important aspect related to his Presidency, is worth profound consideration. Wise people say desperate situations need desperate remedies. Lincoln was not a power hungry individual and he reached up to the office of the President by employing fair, democratic means. Those who accused Lincoln of â€Å"executive usurpation† need to bear in mind this trait of his personality. He acted and used the power of the Executive under extraordinary circumstances, when the nation was in the thick of Civil War. He took office as the President and then his executive branch consisted of a small number of staff but it had expanded substantially by the time his term was over. His critics leveled charges against and labeled him of being despotic for sidetracking a decision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and for the suspension of habeas corpus. His actions were set as precedents by other Presidents at the time of war for increase of Executive authority. The discussion on the legal implications as for the power of the Executive was still at infancy when Lincoln assumed the office of the President. One of the examples quoted was, Lincoln waged war by raising armies but the Constitution directed the Congress to take action on those lines. Roy. P. Basler argues, â€Å"Now, it is insisted that Congress, and not the Executive, is vested with this power. But the Constitution itself is silent as to which or who is to exercise the power.†(601) Unity, integrity and security of the nation were of utmost importance. Actions of Lincoln needed to be judged from the angle of his conscience, and not in which legal frame they would fit into. In his address to the Congress in July 1861, he silenced his critics by stating categorically that he would do anything that he considered right in the interest of the nation in a state of rebellion. Basler substantiates this position and writes, â€Å"It was with the deepest regret that the Executive fo und the duty of employing the war power in defense of the Government forced upon him.†(609) Lincoln’s stand on the Emancipation Proclamation is liable to be interpreted both ways. That he was trying to usurp more powers for himself as the President of USA or was it the situational demand? That was a legal document written by Lincoln himself and it was drafted from defense view point. He did that as the Commander in Chief. He gradually expanded his powers as the President, like the horse that moves ahead, well-controlled by the jeans. That particular Executive decision was supported by indisputable legal stand. Under the umbrella of the legal provision Lincoln proceeded to act to abolish slavery and involuntary servitude. Even otherwise, Lincoln was a rebel against procedures, wherever they blocked national progress. Lincoln was a man of words and a man of action who delivered results to his country. Under any weak and wavering President, the unity of United States of Am erica would have been in peril and the country would have been torn into fragments. He was not inclined to over-reach for the sake of

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Operation management - Essay Example However, this need not be the case if there business owners are committed to operation management. In this paper, the purpose is to give a report on the findings that were collected after visiting one of the best restaurants in the city. The second part of this paper will explain the types of process technology that were observed in the operations. Thirdly, capacity constraints that existed in the operation will be discussed. Finally, there will be recommendations offered on the best way to improve the operations at this specific restaurant. As noted above, every business would want to make profit and ensure that clients are satisfied since this is the only way to ensure long-term benefits. However, every business’ success is majorly dependent on the quality of management (Schmidle, 2011; Evans, 2004). In short, a business that overlooks the five performance objectives will seldom witness profits and its existence and seemingly, profitability will be short-lived. Having participated in the visit to the mentioned activity, this section will explain how the five performance objectives were utilised in the restaurant. Prices often act as one of the reasons customers flock or forsake a particular business, thus the right pricing ought to be practiced with careful consideration. These assertions are informed by the fact low price does not always translate into profitability. Similarly, high prices are not a clear reflection of high quality products (Heidhues and Kőszegi, 2014; Wacker, 2004). In this particular restaurant, the food prices were set as per size and quality with some costing as much as $100 while others as low as $5. Having observed the place for the at least two days, it became apparent the patrons loved the place because of this seemingly balanced pricing. While clients expect the prices to be low yet the commodities to be of high quality, this is not always tenable because of the requirements. Some of the