Movie “Himala” by Ishmael Bernal Essay

The movie â€Å"Himala† by Filipino National Artist Ishmael Bernal deals with the social issues of poverty, religion and fanaticism. It is a commentary to the living conditions of the Filipino people and their faith and beliefs. The greatness of the film is reflected by the fact that it is now considered a Filipino classic, with Elsa’s (Nora Aunor) speech being quoted until today. The different characters in the movie represent a variety of sectors in society. Elsa, the protagonist of the movie, is an image of a false prophet. Apparently she can heal the sick and perform miracles but no proof of it can be seen throughout the movie. Nimia (Gigi Duenas) portrays the people who do not believe in miracles. She may be considered a sinner because she was a prostitute in Manila, not to mention she also set up a cabaret in the town of Cupang, but she only does this just so she can put food in her stomach. She strives hard to keep herself alive. Chayong (Laura Centeno) is Elsa’s confidante, and she fully believes in Elsa’s healing powers. She personifies an innocent and gullible person. Because of this blind faith, she gets assaulted and causes her to resort to suicide. Mrs. Alba (Veronica Palileo) used Elsa’s supposed healing power to profit from the people, selling merchandise and other paraphernalia. She is the epitome of an exploitative person, taking advantage of the people’s gullibility and innocence and making money out of it. The filmmaker Orly (Spanky Manikan) shows a person who is an outsider. He uses the opportunity to make a name for himself by producing a movie centering on Elsa’s life. He shows a change of heart when he felt guilty for not helping Chayong and Elsa when they were assaulted. Lastly, Sepa (Ama Quiambao) and the fans of Elsa represent a sector of the Filipino people who are willing to sacrifice their livelihoods just to be saved by a false prophet, all for the belief that God will help those who do not help themselves. They are so blinded in their faith that they don’t even see the truth, Elsa’s confession, even when it is presented right in their face. The whole film is focused on faith. It depicts the ease of Filipinos to believe religious claims without evidence and thinking logically. Poverty is also visible in the film, showing kids eating stale meat and enacting a cholera outbreak. Miracles are a controversial issue, and talking about its truthfulness will more likely spark a debate. I personally do not believe in miracles because I believe that what you put out in the world comes back at you. I think miracles are not miracles per se, but they are the good that you did before which is coming back to you. The film shows Filipino spirituality’s different sides. Of course, there are believers and non-believers, and none of which is considered right or wrong since they have the freedom which to believe. As I have said, it shows that people are willing to sacrifice their whole lives work just to secure their spot in heaven without acknowledging the facts. There is also a good side to Filipino spirituality, as showcased by the priest (Joel Lamangan), who believes in God but still is a rational thinker. People should believe the real meaning of religion and not some false prophet’s views on the matter. The message of the film is that to do not believe everything you see, for we may see a slightly skewed image of the truth. In the film, it was said that Elsa had healing powers, but not once did a person actually thank her for healing her or a cured person appeared. This may tell us that Elsa never had healing powers or that the people she was healing were in on the lie. We can also take away from the film that if we are to believe in God, we should believe in God himself, not on any person claiming to be a prophet because it can lead to deadly consequences, like the death of Sepa’s two sons and Elsa’s death. The film is now considered timeless, classic even because it can withstand time. It is a universal struggle. Not only the Filipinos adhere to this problem but the rest of the world does too. Religion scopes a huge population; many of them may face the same problems discussed in Himala. Overall, the film was great and I am glad I had the chance to watch a Filipino film classic known around the world because of its greatness and permanence.

Deception Point Page 76

Corky turned. â€Å"What's that supposed to mean?† â€Å"Why couldn't the heating and cooling event have occurred here on earth artificially?† Rachel asked. â€Å"The rock could have been blasted by a slush-hydrogen engine and then rapidly cooled in a cryogenic freezer.† Corky stared. â€Å"Manufactured chondrules?† â€Å"It's an idea.† â€Å"A ridiculous one,† Corky replied, flashing his meteorite sample. â€Å"Perhaps you forget? These chondrules were irrefutably dated at 190 million years.† His tone grew patronizing. â€Å"To the best of my knowledge, Ms. Sexton, 190 million years ago, nobody was running slush-hydrogen engines and cryogenic coolers.† Chondrules or not, Tolland thought, the evidence is piling up. He had been silent now for several minutes, deeply troubled by Rachel's newest revelation about the fusion crust. Her hypothesis, though staggeringly bold, had opened all kinds of new doors and gotten Tolland thinking in new directions. If the fusion crust is explainable†¦ what other possibilities does that present? â€Å"You're quiet,† Rachel said, beside him. Tolland glanced over. For an instant, in the muted lighting of the plane, he saw a softness in Rachel's eyes that reminded him of Celia. Shaking off the memories, he gave her a tired sigh. â€Å"Oh, I was just thinking†¦ â€Å" She smiled. â€Å"About meteorites?† â€Å"What else?† â€Å"Running through all the evidence, trying to figure out what's left?† â€Å"Something like that.† â€Å"Any thoughts?† â€Å"Not really. I'm troubled by how much of the data has collapsed in light of discovering that insertion shaft beneath the ice.† â€Å"Hierarchical evidence is a house of cards,† Rachel said. â€Å"Pull out your primary assumption, and everything gets shaky. The location of the meteorite find was a primary assumption.† I'll say. â€Å"When I arrived at Milne, the administrator told me the meteorite had been found inside a pristine matrix of three-hundred-year-old ice and was more dense than any rock found anywhere in the area, which I took as logical proof that the rock had to fall from space.† â€Å"You and the rest of us.† â€Å"The midrange nickel content, though persuasive, is apparently not conclusive.† â€Å"It's close,† Corky said nearby, apparently listening in. â€Å"But not exact.† Corky acquiesced with a reluctant nod. â€Å"And,† Tolland said, â€Å"this never before seen species of space bug, though shockingly bizarre, in reality could be nothing more than a very old, deepwater crustacean.† Rachel nodded. â€Å"And now the fusion crust†¦ â€Å" â€Å"I hate to say it,† Tolland said, glancing at Corky, â€Å"but it's starting to feel like there's more negative evidence than positive.† â€Å"Science is not about hunches,† Corky said. â€Å"It's about evidence. The chondrules in this rock are decidedly meteoric. I agree with you both that everything we've seen is deeply disturbing, but we cannot ignore these chondrules. The evidence in favor is conclusive, while the evidence against is circumstantial.† Rachel frowned. â€Å"So where does that leave us?† â€Å"Nowhere,† Corky said. â€Å"The chondrules prove we are dealing with a meteorite. The only question is why someone stuck it under the ice.† Tolland wanted to believe his friend's sound logic, but something just felt wrong. â€Å"You don't look convinced, Mike,† Corky said. Tolland gave his friend a bewildered sigh. â€Å"I don't know. Two out of three wasn't bad, Corky. But we're down to one out of three. I just feel like we're missing something.† 90 I got caught, Chris Harper thought, feeling a chill as he pictured an American prison cell. Senator Sexton knows I lied about the PODS software. As the PODS section manager escorted Gabrielle Ashe back into his office and closed the door, he felt his hatred of the NASA administrator grow deeper by the instant. Tonight Harper had learned just how deep the administrator's lies truly ran. In addition to forcing Harper to lie about having fixed PODS's software, the administrator had apparently set up some insurance just in case Harper got cold feet and decided not to be a team player. Evidence of embezzlement, Harper thought. Blackmail. Very sly. After all, who would believe an embezzler trying to discredit the single greatest moment in American space history? Harper had already witnessed to what lengths the NASA administrator would go to save America's space agency, and now with the announcement of a meteorite with fossils, the stakes had skyrocketed. Harper paced for several seconds around the widetable on which sat a scale model of the PODS satellite-a cylindrical prism with multiple antennae and lenses behind reflective shields. Gabrielle sat down, her dark eyes watching, waiting. The nausea in Harper's gut reminded him of how he had felt during the infamous press conference. He'd put on a lousy show that night, and everyone had questioned him about it. He'd had to lie again and say he was feeling ill that night and was not himself. His colleagues and the press shrugged off his lackluster performance and quickly forgot about it. Now the lie had come back to haunt him. Gabrielle Ashe's expression softened. â€Å"Mr. Harper, with the administrator as an enemy, you will need a powerful ally. Senator Sexton could well be your only friend at this point. Let's start with the PODS software lie. Tell me what happened.† Harper sighed. He knew it was time to tell the truth. I bloody well should have told the truth in the first place! â€Å"The PODS launch went smoothly,† he began. â€Å"The satellite settled into a perfect polar orbit just as planned.† Gabrielle Ashe looked bored. She apparently knew all this. â€Å"Go on.† â€Å"Then came the trouble. When we geared up to start searching the ice for density anomalies, the onboard anomaly-detection software failed.† â€Å"Uh†¦ huh.† Harper's words came faster now. â€Å"The software was supposed to be able to rapidly examine thousands of acres of data and find parts of the ice that fell outside the range of normal ice density. Primarily the software was looking for soft spots in the ice-global warming indicators-but if it stumbled across other density incongruities, it was programmed to flag those as well. The plan was for PODS to scan the Arctic Circle over several weeks and identify any anomalies that we could use to measure global warming.† â€Å"But without functioning software,† Gabrielle said, â€Å"PODS was no good. NASA would have had to examine images of every square inch of the Arctic by hand, looking for trouble spots.† Harper nodded, reliving the nightmare of his programming gaffe. â€Å"It would take decades. The situation was terrible. Because of a flaw in my programming, PODS was essentially worthless. With the election coming up and Senator Sexton being so critical of NASA†¦ † He sighed. â€Å"Your mistake was devastating to NASA and the President.† â€Å"It couldn't have come at a worse time. The administrator was livid. I promised him I could fix the problem during the next shuttle mission-a simple matter of swapping out the chip that held the PODS software system. But it was too little too late. He sent me home on leave-but essentially I was fired. That was a month ago.† â€Å"And yet you were back on television two weeks ago announcing you'd found a work-around.† Harper slumped. â€Å"A terrible mistake. That was the day I got a desperate call from the administrator. He told me something had come up, a possible way to redeem myself. I came into the office immediately and met with him. He asked me to hold a press conference and tell everyone I'd found a work-around for the PODS software and that we would have data in a few weeks. He said he'd explain it to me later.†

Advantages and Disadvantages of High and Low Exchange Rates of a Fixed and Floating Exchange Rate System Essay

1. An exchange rate is the price of one currency expressed in terms of another. If the U.S. exchange rate for the Canadian Dollar is $1.60, this means that 1 American Dollar can be exchanged for 1.6 Canadian dollars. With a high exchange rate, there are many advantages: Imports become relatively cheaper. For example the price for imported raw materials becomes cheaper; the cost of production for firms becomes less. This could lead to decreased prices for consumers. The lower price of imported goods also puts pressure on domestic firms to keep prices low. All this leads to a downward pressure of inflation. Furthermore, more imports can be bought. A high exchange rate means that for each unit of the currency, more units in foreign currencies can be bought. Therefore there will be more visible imports, such as technology, and invisible imports, such as foreign travel. Moreover, a high value of currency forces domestic producers to more efficiency as they will try to remain their competitiveness. This would lead to greater economic productivity of the country. Yet, a result might also be the laying-off of workers. As visible, there are also disadvantages to a high exchange rate. Export industries might be damaged. Domestic companies will find it hard to sell their products abroad due to their relatively high prices, which could lead to unemployment in these industries. There also might be damage to domestic industries. As it is cheap for households to consume products from abroad, domestic industries might find that the demand, defined as the quantity of goods and services that consumers are willing, and able to buy at each possible price over a given time period, for domestic product falls. A result of this might be further increase in the level of unemployment, defined as the people of working age, those in the labour force, actively seeking work at the current wage rate but cannot find one, as firms cut back. Possible advantages of a low exchange rate involve the greater employment in export industries as exports become relatively less expensive. Furthermore, domestic companies might experience greater employment as the low exchange might encourage consumers to spend more on domestic goods and services, rather than importing goods and services. This might also raise employment. A possible disadvantage of a low exchange rate is inflation, defined as the sustained increase in the general or average level of prices. Imported final goods and services, raw materials and components become more expensive. The cost of production for firms will rise, leading to a raise prices for the final products. To sum up, a high exchange rate may be a good fight against inflation, but unemployment could be created, whereas a low value of a currency may be good for solving unemployment problems, but may create inflationary pressure. 2. A fixed exchange rate is an exchange rate regime where the value of a currency is fixed to the value of another currency, to the average value of a selection of currencies, or to the value of some other commodity, such as gold. Usually the central bank or government decide upon and maintain the value of the currency. The Barbadian Dollar has been fixed against the US dollar at a rate of 2Bds$ = 1 US$ since 1975. When there is an increase in supply, defined as the willingness and ability of products to produce a quantity of a good at a given price in a given time period, for Barbadian dollar, for example due to the Barbadians purchasing a greater amount of imports, the supply curve shifts from S1 to S2. There is excess supply of Barbadian dollars from Q2 – Q1. Without intervention by the government, the exchange rate would fall, leading to inflationary problems. The government will then buy up the excess supply of its own currency on the foreign exchange market. This shifts the demand curve from D1 to D2. This is possible due to previously amassed reserves of foreign currencies. An advantage of such a fixed exchange system is the reduction of uncertainties for all the economic agents in the country. Firms will be able to plan ahead, knowing that the predicted costs and prices for international trading agreements will not change. Furthermore, fixed exchange rates ensure sensible government policies on inflation as inflation has a very harmful effect on the demand for exports and imports. The government is forced to take up measures to ensure a low level of inflation. In theory, a fixed exchange rate should also reduce speculation in the foreign exchange markets. Yet, this has not always been the case in the past. Disadvantages of a fixed exchange rate are that the government is compelled to keep the exchange rate fixed. The main way of doing this is through the manipulation of interest rates. However, if the exchange rate is in danger of falling, then the interest rates have to be increased to raise demand for the currency. This will have a deflationary effect on the economy, lowering demand and increasing unemployment. Furthermore, high level of reserves need to be maintained to make it clear that it is able to defend its currency by the buying and selling of foreign currencies. Setting the level of the fixed exchange rate is not simple. If the rate is set at the wrong level, export firms may find a lack of competitiveness in foreign markets. In case of that, the exchange rate needs to be devalued, but again, finding the exact right level is difficult. Furthermore, a country that fixes its exchange rate at an artificially low level may create international disagreement. This is because a low exchange rate will make the country’s exports more competitive on world markets and may be seen as an unfair trade advantage. This may lead to economic disputes or to retaliation. An advantage of a floating exchange rate is that it does not have to be kept at a certain level. Interest rates are free to be employed as domestic monetary tools. It could be used for demand management policies. An example for this would be controlling inflation. To keep the current account balanced, the floating exchange rate should adjust itself. For example a current account deficit, the demand for the currency is to low since export sales are relatively low. The supply of the currency is high, since the demand for imports is relatively high. As you can see, markets adjust and the exchange rate should fall. Export prices become relatively attractive, import prices relatively less attractive and the current account balance should settle itself. Another advantage is that reserves are not used to control the value of the currency. This makes is unnecessary to keep high levels of foreign currencies and gold. There are also disadvantages. Uncertainty tends to be created. Planning of businesses tends to be difficult and investments, defined as the expenditure by firms on capital equipment and is an injection into the economy, are hard to assess. The levels of international investment will decrease. Furthermore, in reality, floating exchange rates are affected by many factors, not only demand and supply. Another factor would be speculation. Therefore they might not adjust themselves and might not eliminate current account deficits. Last, a floating exchange rate regime may worsen existing levels of inflation. High inflation relative to other countries will make its exports less competitive and imports will be relatively less expensive. Yet, this could lead to even higher prices on import goods and services and inflation.

Management Info Systems Individual Work wk1 Essay

Management Info Systems Individual Work wk1 - Essay Example On the other hand, Information Systems refers to the interlinked elements that control information with an organization in order to help in the decision-making process. It also helps in examining products for using new innovative ways to design a product. The Information System provides information regarding the organization as well as business external environment that affects the organization operation/undertakings. The main components of information are the input of information, processing of the information and finally giving the information as an output. The Information System of an organization is available for use by outsiders such as customers, competitors and other stakeholders. The main roles that Information System has played cannot be underestimated. Many organizations have been registered online; online advertisement has become a new phenomenon, and more internet users have been recruited (Loudon & Laudon, 2009). ABB is a multinational company that is based in Sweden.The organization is involved in supplying electricity and building automation products. It has an average of 7,000 employees in Sweden (ABB, 2014). Research was carried out to determine the role Management Information System had played in the organization. The study was necessary since one of its subsidiary company had adopted a new Information System. After a vigorous investigation, it was established that Information System had played five important roles that turned around the company’s fortunes (Askenas&Westelius, 2003). According to the investigators Information, system acted as a manipulator, administrative assistant, a consultant, was bureaucratic in nature, and was a changed. The Information System that was used before was very efficient.However, due to the dynamic technological environment; the company was forced to adopt a new system called Triton

The Landscape Masters of the Baroque Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Landscape Masters of the Baroque - Essay Example For the most part, French baroque art can be considered as an expression of the French Crown’s values, particularly those of King Louis XIV.King Louis built the Versailles palace as a symbol of the Crown’s total authority, of which the design of both the palace and surrounding land was a direct product of a rigid, rational, and disciplined approach meant to show the state and government control of the king. The sculptures, paintings, and architecture that were chosen to decorate this palace were, stylistically, purely classical in nature, conveying the timeless and orderly truths of the policies pursued by King Louis XIV. However, not every artist in France wanted to be employed by the government with majority of them electing to leave the country, contending that this was better than placing their artistic creativity in political service. The two most distinguished artists of this period, Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, chose to move to Italy, where they got inspir ation from the gentle landscape in Rome.Claude Lorrain elected to paint the lovely countryside in form of poetry, populating the landscapes with ancient monuments and their picturesque ruins, as well as flocks of sheep. Poussin also sought to depict similar features in his landscapes on the countryside in Rome. However, Poussin sought to do more than delight the audience or viewer. Instead, he utilized the classical setting to present human history in dramatic form. On top of delighting his landscapes’ viewers, he also set out to instruct them.

Mead's symbolic interaction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mead's symbolic interaction theory - Essay Example Another difference that exists between the humans and infrahumans is the communication types that are used. In the infrahuman, communication is usually gestural and takes place with an immediate effect, without being interrupted for the purpose of either assigning meaning or interpreting. Human communication, on the other hand, is meaningful and gestures have meanings assigned to them and the gestures do not call for immediate responses. There is also the essence of self. Self is the term used in referring to the reflective, conscious personality of the person (Wood 1992). Self is the entity that is envisioned by person whenever he/she tries to think about who they are. It is crucial to know that the idea of self can only be understood fully through role-taking. For a person to be able to look upon himself, he must have the capability to take over the role of another. The basic work of Herbert Mead was regarded to as symbolic interactionism. The work bore the name of Herbert Blumer, who inherited it from the famous social psychology course. The inheritance was after Mead died and then Blumer became an advocate of the symbolic interactions persistently. It would be hard for Mead to approve this label, more significantly, symbolic interactionism, since it has undergone evolution since more than sixty years ago, has seemed to lay its focus on the changes of self-more rather than either interaction or symbols, unlike what Blumer was an advocate for the reactions of people when they are interacting with others in the social settings which are governed by the conception that they possess. Gyroscope acts as a form of self serves and helps in keeping in line and consistent. Moreover, as the emphasis has been increasingly in the theory of symbolic interactionism, the motivation of individuals arises from verification of their self-sense before the eyes of others. The idea of identity

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH Assignment

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH - Assignment Example Despite these assumptions of agent control and responsibility, human social, political, and economic aspects make business hardly imaginable. In this paper, I will critically evaluate some of the major business operations and use them in gauging whether they are free will, are there alternatives or simply not free at all. The organization’s operations include a firm’s establishments, finances, employees-boss relationship, public relations, the firm’s disciplinary, success, and moral responsibilities Before critically analyzing a firm, the firm must have started somewhere. Someone must have conceptualized the idea before making it real. Thus, the question is whether the entrepreneur or business owner started the firm out of free will or not. One definition of â€Å"free will† is that, it is means of fulfilling a certain desire through a selected line of action (OConnor, 2002). In such a scenario then, the entrepreneur’s choice to start a firm is free will when he/she accepts the notion. Thus, such endeavors also cement the idea of genuine will. Therefore, from a genuine free-will position, the entrepreneur can have done otherwise, but the â€Å"free will† aspect influences his/her decisions (Fiese, 2009). However, from the agent causal theory, one philosopher David Hume, holds that our preferences and decisions are results of other proceedings in the brain’s desires, beliefs, favorites, feelings, and so forth (OConnor, 2002). Therefore, regarding this theory it is clear that something informed the entrepreneur’s choice for the business and the decision to start a firm. For instance, the innate desires for best business outcomes such as profits, fame and riches and stability form the major determinants influencing an individual’s decisions about forming a company. Once a firm develops and manufactures products, an enormous task of

Summative Assessment Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Summative Assessment Project - Essay Example Notably, in some countries government regulates the water industries; however, the services of such companies are largely under private companies that are defined within a specific geographical space. Water companies are usually owned differently including by the local government, national government, private ownership, and co-operative. The local government ownership is the commonly structure of ownership known worldwide. The local governments often operate its systems through municipal companies or departments, or inter municipal companies. The local government outsourcing water management from private sectors has increase since 1990 (Pollard, 2008). In the United States, water companies are being managed by state governments that are equally operates as local government. Nonetheless, these companies are obligated to integrate water systems. In other words, they are required to supply, treat wastewater, and ensure sanitation in sewerage systems (Water quality †¦, 2001). Therefore, the water ownership structure must ensure that the water under supply meets water quality standards as well as the environmental standards that relate to wastewater. In the United States, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the standards set for drinking water. It standards for the pollution control have been developed jointly by the state environmental agencies and the EPA pursuant to clean water act (NATO Advanced Research †¦, at el., 2009). Despite the set standards and regulation set for water companies, these companies are still facing immense risks ranging from water resources management, rising cost, and changing population among others. Water and wastewater resources are facing numerous challenges across New Jersey as well as other parts of the country. The common challenges that are experienced in the

Protecting Information Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Protecting Information Resources - Assignment Example Instead, one should memorize one’s PIN to prevent an identity thief from determining it. A third recommendation is analyzing one’s credit releases. To know about possible identity thefts, one should go through his or her credit reports regularly to view transactions, registrations, approvals, and any previous activity on one’s cards or accounts. Regular analysis hinders potential harm since one detects identity theft promptly. Fourthly, shredding documents with one’s personal information or numbers is a critical and safe way of disposing it. A shredding machine is the simplest, relatively cheap, and best way to safeguard oneself from dumpster divers. One hinders identity thieves from getting personal information from one’s trash by shredding document such as preapproved cards, checks, bank declarations, and deposit slips. Lastly, checking one’s mail early lowers exposure to mail theft. One can ask the post office to hold your mail when one has traveled for a given period. Also locking the mailbox prevents thieves from accessing mail with personal

Causes and Effects on the High Cost of Health Care Essay

Causes and Effects on the High Cost of Health Care - Essay Example The death rates are falling. There are less barbaric wars and more peace in the world at large. People are now living longer. There are many reasons for this the first being that most people are more mindful of health and wholesome living and are therefore, spending a larger share of income on health care. People are now turning towards healthful products that low fat, zero calories, no sugar added etc. An average individual now takes out more time for exercising, walking and other sports. Many people have reduced smoking after learning about the risks associated with it In developed countries medical insurance takes care of much of health care expenses. However, critics argue that there is an ever-growing number of people (especially Americans) who are overweight or even obese, which may breed physical disorders and afflictions and finally acquire medical attention. Therefore demands in growing at a faster pace than supply of medical services. These and many more reasons have increased life expectancy overall. When people live longer, they put a greater burden on health care services. Apart from this high population growth rates also contribute as a load on such services. Therefore, governments and private health care providers are left with no option but to increase their fees, costs of drugs and other health related expenses. Moreover, a lot of investment is being made in this sector. ... EFFECTS Perhaps the biggest effect of expensive health care services is that many people will use home made remedies for diseases and avoid going to doctors who would prescribe expensive drugs and ask for costly medical tests to be performed first. In years to come this might show as an increase in death rates. In third world countries (including many African states) there is high infant mortality. Many of the countries with the lowest life expectancies, namely Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, South Africa, Central African Republic, Namibia, and Guinea-Bissau, are suffering from very high rates of HIV/AIDS infection, with adult prevalence rates ranging from 10 to 38 percent. The residents of poor countries will continue to suffer. As a result, corruption will increase. Existing health care practitioners may not wish to offer their services to anyone who does not pay the prescribed amount. Less qualified individuals with little or no experience might get more patients as their fees would be less. This will lead to an extremely inefficient health care system, with more people falling sick. CONCLUSION For the thousands of years of humankind's existence, lifespans were short and rough. It is only within the last hundred years that life expectancy at birth has risen substantially. The world's average life expectancy at birth was 45years in 1950 which rose to 61 years by 1980 and currently it is 67years. This shows that as people are living longer, the demand for health care is rising. This demand is by far exceeding the supply in many countries of the world, making health care too expensive for most people. High costs of health care will affect

Crimes against Humanity in Tibet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Crimes against Humanity in Tibet - Essay Example In return, to the peaceful pursuit of their rights, a group faces negative pressure from their counterparts, which may be a strong force, far much, beyond what the first group has engaged to pursue their rights. The struggle is characteristic in some countries in the world, in which some perceived minority groups continue to suffer violent attacks and killings, from their counterparts. One of the most commonly recognised groups of people that have faced the struggle of this nature is the Tibetans in the hands of the dominant and majority Chinese community. For some time, there has existed a struggle between the Tibetans and the larger Chinese community because they have diverse belief systems. While the Tibetans would not like the form of life of the larger Chinese community, they experiences immense pressure each time they attempt to advocate for their rights as independent group. Through the killing of peaceful demonstrators from the Tibet side, the attacks have risen to a level of crime against humanity and therefore, it has attracted criticism from different people and institutionsi. Tibet is a region that has people who practise religious beliefs that are very different from the major Chinese community and this problem sparked crime against humanity. While people in the Tibetans practise Buddhist, the Chinese community practise Confucianism faith, a religious practise that is far different from the Tibetans’ religion. In an attempt to influence the Tibetans to follow the Confucianism, the Chinese Communists have used unnecessary force that is against the law to discourage the Tibetans from the Buddhist religion. Some of the notable incident in this case is when the Chinese communist destroyed the Buddhist monasteries so that they minimise the effects of the religion in the Tibet area. This was a calculated move to disintegrate the Tibetans from meeting together as a group of people solidified by religion. The rights that each individual in the world has to worship the way he or she could be willing and in the places they would like is contravened. Although the event has faced a lot of condemnation from the religious leaders of the Tibetans, the crime continues to suppress the place of the religion among the Tibetans. The injustice that does not only require local intervention but also requires to be addressed by international jurisdiction, which will help the Tibetans to reclaim their possession and have protection. Throughout time, the attempt of the Tibetans to pursue their rights to worship has been unfruitful with many processes of jurisdiction taking years to addressii. Chinese communist regime has advanced to curtail the freedom of the Tibetans when they are in the monasteries for worship to prevent the Tibetan Buddhists from advancing their religion. The Chinese communists focus on influencing the Tibetans to Confucianism but not to allow them to practise their religious rituals and they have regularly monitored the are as of worship. This has resulted to development of enmity between the religions of the two groups in which the Tibetans are the minority and the Chinese communists are the majority. Regardless of the outcry from the spiritual leader of the Tibetan

Study Guide Hitler Essay Example for Free

Study Guide Hitler Essay -Half Austrian and half German. Serves with distinction, wounded returns to Bavaria after war (served in a Bavarian regiment). -German nationalist+supporter of authoritarianism+ opposed to democracy and socialism + racially motivated (anti-Semitism v German Volk) -Pseudo spy for Bavarian govt and runs into the DAP (German Workers Party). Likes their anti-capitalist, anti-Semitic and nationalist message. Anton Drexler is founder/head; Hitler has energy, oratory and propaganda skills. -1920 – 25 Points authored by Hitler/Drexler. DAPNSDAP. Hirtler in charge of propaganda: salute, uniforms,swastika. Also creates armed squads. -Drexler alarmed – power play but loses as Hitler offers to resign and instead becomes chairman and Fuehrer. -1921-23 party reorganization. A) Armed squads reorganized into SA headed by Ernst Roehm: intimidation and violence. B) 1921 Newspaper – People’s Observer  C) Julius Streicher gives Hitler support (rival right wing group in Bavaria) D) Hermann Goering joins party in 1922. Aristocracy/high society makes party â€Å"more respectable† 1923 – 20,000 members – powerful mainly in one part of Bavaria. 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch: successful example of Mussolini and weaknesses of Weimar: a) hostility of elites (top army brass, aristocracy, industry); b) limited popular support, and economic problems. c) Nostalgia for Kaiser and Imperial Germany, not used to democracy d) Economic problems: costs of WWI and debts, reparations, new welfare benefits provided by State (health insurance, housing), hyperinflation because of Ruhr crisis. e) Association with defeat in war – Treaty of Versailles, November criminals and stab in the back myth. Hitler plots â€Å"March on Berlin† with Gustav von Kahr (ultra-conservative leader of Bavarian govt) and General von Lossow (local head of army). However, poor planning, not enough public support, too much reliance on General Ludendorff, Kahr and Lossow back out at last minute. Nov 8, Hitler announces a â€Å"national revolution† and next day marches into Muncih with 2000 SA. Easily crushed by police and 14 Nazis killed, Hitler arrested for treason. Consequences: Nazi party banned. Hitler gets onto national stage and attracts attention of other right wingers; B) Muellers Grand Coalition (SDP, Center and Stresemann’s party). C) United Opposition: formed by media magnate Hugenberg – has DNVP, Pan-german league, Nazis, leading industrialists. Draft a â€Å"Law against the Enslavement of German People†. Referendum in 1929, but lose. D) Oct. 1929 Wall Street Crash and Great Depression – 32% unemployment (6 million) – industrial workers lose jobs for extended time, middle class and small businesses affected. 42% fall in GNP. World trade collapses (protectionism and tariffs). Peasants hit by collapse of agr prices; industrial workers are unemployed. 50,000 businesses collapse and banks fail. Loss of confidence and despair. Nazi  organization: use of modern propaganda techniques (Goebbels); exploitation of scapegoats; strong party structure and organization After 1930 –Presidential Government – and rule by Emergency Decree (art 48): every govt rules by emergency decree. Bruning (1930-32) Center Party; von Papen (May-Dec 1932) also Center but more right wing; General Kurt von Schleicher (Dec 1932-Jan 1933) no party affil. E) Muellers coalition collapses March 1930. Meissner, Gen. von Schleicher and Hindenburg are all conservative nationalists and get Bruning in. When Reichstag rejects his austerity budget, he invokes Art. 48. Calls for elections F) Reichstag elections 1930 on yield no mandates: 1930 Election – Nazis get 18.3% (2nd after Socialists)†¦800,000 to 6.4 m votes. Nationalists lose half votes to Nazis, middle class democratic parties lose the most and extremes gain, socialists lose ground to KPD. G) Bruning continues as Chancellor – Presidential Govt. May 1932 dismissed. A monarchist, against democracy, anti- Socialist. Failed economic policy of balancing the budget, over-relied on Hindenburg and Art 48. Successes include Allies evacuate Rhineland; Hoover memo suspends debts and reparations; abolished by Lausanne Conference. H) 1932 Reichstag election – brutal street violence; Bavarian left-center govt removed by Papen. Nazis win 37.3% and are largest party; center parties collapse and only KPD gains (14.3%). Dec 1932, von Papen humiliated after no-confidence vote; fails to dissolve Reichstag. Schleicher now has doubts. Hitler, Hindenburg and Papen try to resolve impasse – Hitler wants Chancellorship and rebuffed. Nov 1932 new elections called and Nazis only get 33.1%. Schleicher insists von Papen be replaced; 2 month rule by Gen. von Schleicher. Wants to have left/trade unions join and to split Strassers from Hitler. Fails because trade unions doubt him, landowners and businessmen have no trust. Hindenburg agrees to a Nazi-Nationalist coalition = Hitler appointed Chancellor. Papen, Hindenburg’s son oskar, landowners, industrialists and army support him. Why did Nazis succeed? 13 m voters; appeal to middle class and Protestants; high in north and east; peasants and farmers, Mittelstand (shopkeepers) and white collar workers; appeal to youth, â€Å"politics of anxiety†, becomes genuine people’s party by 1932 Political methods: propaganda, canvassing (posters and leaflets), technology, mass suggestion, scapegoats and unifying theme, violence. The Legal Revolution: 2/12 Nazis in Cabinet; no majority in Reichstag although  the NSDAP is largest party; President can dismiss Chancellors at will. Plus side: has largest party; conservatives must choose between him and possibly Communists or civil war; he can use resources of the state. Calls for new Reichstag elections for March 1933 within 24 hours. Violence, intimidation, 69 people die Hitler’s â€Å"A ppeal to the German people† blames everything on communists and democrats, idea of a â€Å"national uprising† Promised 3 million reichsmarks from key industrialists. Feb 27 – Reichstag Fire – a communist accused therefore play up fears of a communist led coup. Next day, Hindenburg signs â€Å"Decree for the Protection of the People and the State† – most civil and political liberties suspended (hundreds are arrested). Election results 5 March: Nazis win 44% but needs 52 seats won by nationalists. Changes in laws need 2/3 majority to pass. March 1933 – the Enabling Act – to give him and cabinet full powers for 4 years – a â€Å"legal dictatorship†. At vote, communists denied entry – Hitler promises to respect rights of catholics and gets ZP support; only SPD vote against and bill passes. Policy of Gleichschaltung: Nazification, a merging with German society during 1933-34. Revolution from below (the SA) and Revolution from above (leadership). Main focus on Federal States, political parties and indpt trade unions. A.Federal States: violence and intimidation threaten to spin things out of control. 31 March 1933 law to dissolve regional parliaments, reformed with acceptable majorities and to be controlled by Nazis. 7 April – Governors posts created usually run by Gauleiters (regional party leaders). Jan 1934, regional parliaments are abolished. No more federalism. B.Trade unions: connects to socialism and Catholicism. May Day declared national holiday, SA/SS occupy offices, seize funds and leaders are sent off to camps. DAF (German Labor Front) set up and run by Robert Ley with 22 m. members. C.Political parties : need for a one-party state. Communists outlawed after Fire; Social Dems assets seized in June and they are banned; in late June most parties agree to self dissolve; July Catholic Center Party disbands. Chancellor to Fuehrer: 6 months in – Hitler is stronger position. Calls for end of revolution 6 July 1933. Needs to stop free-for-all and violence. SA and Roehm call for a â€Å"Second Revolution† – SA more made up of unemployed youth.Had made the street revolution earlier but hadn’t benefitted. Roehm calls for National Socialist Revolution – SA has 3 m men in 1934, much larger than army. But army could do a coup, and has the  military expertise to fulfiull foreign policy of Hitler. June 29-30, 1934 – Night of the Long Knives Hitler before comes to agreement with Generals Fritsch and Blomberg. 200 murdered by SS, old scores settled (Schleicher and Strasser) Results: SA leaderless and powerless now. Army behind Hitler. Emergence of the SS. Hitler has firmed up own position August 2 – Hindenburg dies: Hitler merges two offices and takes title of Fuehrer. RULE OF HITLER Great Depression: Conditions in 1933 1)Collapse of trade and especially exports 2) Although an industrial powerhouse, many firms go bust in GD 3)Mass long-term unemployment. 4)In agriculture, food prices fall and farmers get poorer 5)In finance, collapse of banking sector Economic Policies Given the huge problems – 3 choices A.Anti-capitalist, socialist program embodied in 25 Points (profit-sharing, social security, nationalization) B.Deficit financing (Keynesian economics) C.Defense economy Concept of Autarky = self-sufficiency Focus on: Public works projects, Jobs for unemployed. 1) Schacht and the New Plan President of Reichsbank and later Minister of Economy held a leading role in 1923 crisis and creation of new currency under Stresemann. Note: the economic low was reached in end 1932, early 1933 (but no one knew) Solutions: A.Banking- government moves to control capital and to set low rates B.Financial benefits given to groups such as farmers and small businesses also tariffs, subsidies, reduced debts, tax concessions, allowances, and grants C.Public works: reforestation, land reclamation, new roads, housing By 1936, emphasis shifts to rearmament D.Bilateral trade agreements with focus on barter E.New Reichsmark policy as only currency to be used F.Mefo Bills – like t-bills 2 Problems remain: Fear of inflation, Balance of trade deficit. 2) The 4 Year Plan (1936) â€Å"Guns or Butter?† Deficit financing has been hidden by financial tricks Schacht proposes reduction in arms spending Hitler sides with the army: Military+Economymust be ready in 4 years. Goering made Czar of the 4 year plan Goals: Autarky and rearmament, Nazi control of economy becomes much tighter. 3) War Time Economy Goering replaced by Speer in 1942 Germany is on a total war footing Social Policies Ideology: 4 main tenets A) Race : Aryanism, racial purity, Social Darwinism, anti-Semitism, euthanisa, eugenics B) Authoritarianism – the Fuehrer principle C) All Germans together : Lebensraum D) Volksgemeinschaft One Volk, harmony, no social class divisions or distinctions Social Groups Industrial workers (very left): Trade unions closed down DAF established: Beauty of Labor (beautify working conditions) Strength through Joy (vacations, sports, excursions, etc) But – shortage of workers and real wages stay low as war starts, more women work and Labor camps set up. Peasants and small farmers: Nazi sympathy for their plight. They are the Volk. Initiatives include: write-offs, cheap loans, land. But – after initial benefits, resentment and lower standard of living Landowners: initially suspicious of low-born Hitler and his socialists; then buy in and support Middle class: low rate loans and encouragement for their businesses Upper Class and Big Business: prefer Hitler and Fascists to communism Education and Youth Centralized: Indoctrinate, brainwash: no more individual choice One curriculum and one textbook Teachers trained the right way: Nazi Teachers League Understand what it means to be German Pride and nationalism Obedience and loyalty Emphasis on physical fitness and education Hitler Youth compulsory in 1939 League of German Maidens: Teamwork and group work is a big feature But – teacher shortages, anti-academic curriculum focus Religion: Most Germans are Christian: 2/3 Protestant. Church is a powerful institution. A) Conciliation; policy of coordination Concordat July 1933: Features non-interference. B) Aggressivenes 1935-45: Nazis become more anti-Christian. German Faith Movement: Never gathers strength.Teutonic paganism – a made-up religion. Anti-religious measures: Close churches, arrests, taking away funds, closing youth groups. → Pope speaks out against Nazis in 1937 Women and Family Population growth falling, female employment expands, too many unmarried women. Nazis oppose emancipation and feminism. Goals: Kinder, Kuche, Kirche More children Care for husbands and kids Stop employment of women Between 1933-36, married women debarred from work. Loans to young women to stop working and many need to get married. Some Nazi women’s organizations are used as covers. Economic necessity in 1937: Despite discrimination – need for more cheap labor Marriage loans, family allowances, taxes reduced, maternity benefits, anti-abortion laws, contraception restricted. Lebensborn Racial purity, SS brothels. Result: Births increase, divorces increase, marriages flat Culture Reich Chamber of Culture headed by Goebbels who is also Minister of Propaganda Burning of the books Modern music, jazz, etc are degenerate 2500 writers leave Germany Modern schools of art held in contempt Degenerate Art v Great German Art Outsiders a)Ideological opponents (Communists, religious, military leaders) b)Biologically inferior (sub-humans) sterilization – 350,000 euthanasia – 70,000 c) Asocials (Homosexuals) Political Gleichschaltung – Policy of Coordination All political parties banned July 1933 State parliaments abolished 1934 Civil Service purged Gestapo established SS headed by Himmler established 1925 – elite bodyguards first , then run all police actions (incl. camps) First camps established in 1933 for regime’s opponents: Labor Concentration Death camps after 1939 Emigration for Jews and others encouraged/preferred up to 1939 Steps against the Jews: Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), Poland, Final Solution decided on at Wannsee Conference.

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law

Ownership of Property in Islamic Law Abstract Property ownership has been highly debated in recent years especially when it comes to women. The case of Muslim women has been alarming in certain Islamic countries because though women are allowed to own property some traditions when put together with some Islamic Laws are highly restricting womens ownership property. Property in this light includes land, house and other tangible properties. This paper based on illustrating the different sources of property acquisition which has been hindered due to, in most case deliberate confusion of Islamic laws and customary laws which had restricted the ownership of property by Muslim women in different Islamic regions. INTRODUCTION Women in many countries still face inequality at home, in their communities and the society at large. They are usually left in the background because of state laws, customary laws and religious beliefs. This inequality also affects their right of property ownership. The rights of women to own, inherit, manage and dispose of property whether tangible or intangible has been minimized by individuals, customs and laws in many countries of the world today. These women who most often constitutes a greater population of the country, are not give the opportunity to own land, houses, cars, bank account, cattle, crops and many other forms of property. Womens right to property most often depends on the relationship they share with men around them. Religion too has also had an impact on the ownership of property by women when put together with customary beliefs. These two when put together in extreme cases greatly limits the right of a women to own property. Religion has been interpreted to the detriment of the Islamic woman but to the advantage of the Islamic man. These several interpretation of Islam under different customary laws has reduced the rights of women to own property. This paper therefore brings out the role of Muslim religion on the ownership of property by Muslim women. Examine what the Islamic religion says about women owning property and what is the real situation at hand. That is how the Islamic religion is integrated with tradition and state law and its impact on the ownership of property by Muslim women in Muslim regions. The Role of Islam in Property Ownership amongst Muslim Women Historically, the Quran acknowledges the right of women to own property. The Quran explains important post held by women during the period of the prophet which made them to acquire property. In general terms the Islamic law allows women to hold, use and dispose of property but when you go into details the terms become very complicated and this therefore restrict these women. The Islamic law acknowledges the fact that a woman should be given what she earns and which can be a mans when she willingly transfers it to the man. But when we consider the fact that Muslim women are suppose to be very reserve, their right of property ownership which can be gained only when they are exposed is restricted. To own a property in any form means you need to manage this property and this management cannot be adequately established in the private space you need the public space. The following analyses discuss the different ways in which property can be acquired but which women are being restricted in societies where Islam and tradition are being practiced in extremes. Inheritance In Islam the man is considered the head of the family and has the right to own property. Inheritance which is a form of property ownership highly favors the man. Though women have the right to inherit property of a deceased member of their family, their own share is usually half of what the man inherits. Though women have the right to inherit from their father, it is usually two shares for men and one for women. They believe that women do not have any obligation to take care of the family as the men do, therefore the men should be given more. In most traditional Islamic countries the combination of customary and Islamic law against women concerning this issue makes women to be totally refused the right of property ownership. For them since these women do not take care of the family, they should not be given the right to own any property. Also in most law courts like in Northern Nigeria where Islam is practiced, the right of women to inherit property is denied by some judges though Is lam accepts these rights. Most often, the inheritance is done in theory and not in practices. The women are just told that they have been assigned this portion of property which in most cases is never given to them. Property ownership is consider as a mans business since women are considered to be dependent and weak and needs the support of a man to handle property issues. Annelies Moors (1995) also explains that while in Islamic law women have inheritance rights, these then are generally more limited than those of men. This she explains that, looking into the shares of the widows and daughters, the male preference is usually very clear. This is because, in the case where the husband dies it is difficult for the woman to inherit the husbands property because she can get married to another man or better still she is suppose to stay under the protection of the men in the husbands family be it her sons or the husbands brothers. According to Islam, wives are entitled to one-eighth of the property of their husband s when the deceased husbands have children and to one-fourth if they are childless while daughters on the other hand are entitled to only half the share of their brothers share. Also, when there is an only daughter she gets half of the deceased fathers property and the rest goes to the fathers male relatives while an only son gets the entire property of the deceased father showing a biased against these women. This is because the property the woman with children owns goes to her children especially if they are boys and if she does not get married, she is given less and most often refused because she can be remarried. The case of a childless woman is worst because she is left with nothing as property even if she contributed in the acquisition of the property. Also, owning a property means giving the woman an upper hand and changing her private space to a public space. A woman is suppose to be very reserve in her private space and not exposed by owning property to the public space which is considered a mans space. This perception is different with urban and rural Muslim women. Annelies Moors (1995), discusses that although the women in both area knew their rights of property ownership, some those in the urban areas accepted their own share of the estate but most in the rural areas stayed retrained from acquiring their own shares. This I believe was the result of their customary law in those rural areas which prohibited them. Education Education is a form of property acquisition because when you are educated you are exposed to issues of knowing your rights. In most parts of Africa where Islam is practiced, the number of girls going to school has been relatively low compared to the Christian areas. The people do not see the need of educating the girl child since she is believed to be the property of the man. Education is not a priority but early marriages are encouraged. Going to school is meant for the boys who will eventually become a family head and needs education and property to take care of the family. This is very common with Muslims especially in the rural areas who strongly believe in their customary and Islamic laws. Most of them are not aware of any state law or international human rights laws or even the Islamic which give them the right to own property. Vanessa Maher (1974), explains that Berbers in Morocco equivalent of seclusion, and preserving family honor intact in keeping their girl child at home s ince schools are considered as a corrupting influence and giving access to the public sphere making education very irrelevant. Work According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. According to the Islamic law, women are allowed to work but this is usually under certain circumstances and under very strict conditions. In many Islamic countries, job opportunities for women and men are not the same. They are not given equal opportunities because women are highly restricted from public life. A woman is not supposed to work alone with a man because according to the Quran they might be tempted. A woman is not supposed to do any job that will expose her honor of womanhood but she is supposed to remain modest. Islam generally recommends that women stay at home and take care of the home. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in morocco in 1974, she pointed out that women do not work for wages because their participation in the public sphere is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these women from doing anything that will make them acquire property. Also the man has is oblarged according to Islam to uphold his obligation of maintaining t he woman. The husband is responsible for maintaining his wife and the entire family not the other way round even when the wife has the means, so this also discourages Muslim women from working. Even the dower and maintenance gift in which the woman is entitled to be given to her for marriage is only owned by her in theory and not in practice. Annelies Moors 1995 when she carried out her research in Palestine explained that younger village women rarely expressed an interest in selling their gold (which was their dower) to buy productive property; they would rather invest it in their husband and his house. This is because when she gets married to the man this property automatically goes back to the man since he is supposed to control the familys resources. At times the dower and maintenance gift are orally given through promises and the woman never receives it. The dower is gradually losing its value because most contemporary Muslim women will prefer their husbands to invest his resources in the up keep of the family. They do not really care about the dower especially in the urban areas. More so, in case of divorce since the wife does not have any right of property compensation or sharing all what was given to her as dower is taken by the husband. This is because, during marriage the properties she contributes to the family are not regarded as hers but the husbands property. Annelies Moors (1995), in her research in Palestine explains that women no longer sell their gold dower to buy productive property because independent female ownership of such property clashes with their definition as dependent wives. They instead use it to invest in their families therefore reducing their access to property. CONCLUSION Though efforts are being made to enhance property ownership by Muslim women, this issue is more complicated in the rural areas since there are strong customary laws which restrict women. When these customary laws are put together with the Islamic laws, these women are completely isolated in the ownership of property. This is because there is a deliberate confusion between Islamic laws and customary law by men which suppress a womans right of owning property making the customary law to predominate. Actual control of property has still remained in hands of the men. Womens less right of property according to Islamic thoughts is seen to be compensated with the fact that they are under the custody of the men. Property is considered as power, and the more property you own the more powerful you are. REFERENCES DUPRET, B., BERGER, M., Al-ZWAINI, L. (Eds.), Legal Pluralism in the Arab World, The Hague, Kluwer International, 1999 ROSEN, L. (2000): The Justice of Islam. Comparative Perspectives on Islamic Law and Society, Oxford U.P Vanessa Maher (1974); Women and Property in Morocco: The Changing Relation to the Process of Social Stratification in the Middle Atlas. Cambridge University Press. Annelies Moors (1995); Women Property and Islam: Palestinian Experience 1920-1990. Cambridge Middle East Ngonà © Diop Tine and Mohamadou Sy (2003): Women and Land in Africa: A case Study from Senegal.

How Individuals with Down Syndrome can Prosper in Life Essay -- Health

How Individuals with Down Syndrome can Prosper in Life Roger is a handsome blonde, blue-eyed boy but one can tell he is different from most other children.   His physical features are somewhat strange.   Roger's face is broader and his nasal bridge flatter than usual.   And his eyes, they appear to slant upward and have folds at the inner corners.   His mouth is small and the roof of his mouth is very narrow.   Not to mention his small ears which fold over a bit at the top.   Touching his hands they are tiny, his fingers shorter and his fifth finger seems to curve slightly inward.   These are all physical signs of a child with a disorder called Down syndrome, a chromosome disorder.   While there is no actual cure for Down syndrome I believe parents can give their children the opportunity to live longer, happier more capable lives than any prior generation of people with Down syndrome.   Children with Down syndrome have the potential to fit into society and lead normal lives by education, employment and support from a be tter-informed society.     Ã‚   One may ask why looking at a disorder like Down syndrome is important in relation to science.   This is because approximately three to five thousand children are born with Down syndrome each year.   And it is believed there are about two hundred and fifty thousand families in the United States who are affected by Down syndrome (Moss).   Down syndrome occurs when certain events occur during cell division to cause the wrong chromosome number as a result.   Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by the presence of an extra #21 chromosome.   Instead of having forty-six chromosomes in each of his/her cells, a person with Down syndrome has forty-seven.   It is believed that during cell ... ...nd make significant contributions to their communities every day (UPSIDE! Down Syndrome Society - Ramblings).   With education, employment, and support from a community an individual with Down syndrome can have a normal life and there is no limit to what he/she can accomplish. . Work Cited 1) Down Syndrome: For New Parents. 15 February 2004. 2) Kate Moss.   "Hearing and Vision Loss Associated with Down Syndrome." 15 February 2004.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3) Starr, Cecie. Basic Concepts in Biology.   United States: Thomson Learning, Inc., 2003. 4) Unger, Darlene. "Working in the community through supported Employment."   13 February  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2004. 5) "UPSIDE! Down Syndrome Society-Ramblings." 15 February 2004.  Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Sahara Desert Essay -- essays research papers fc

Sahara Desert The Sahara Desert is the world’s largest desert area. The word Sahara comes from the Arabic word sahra’, meaning desert. It extends from the Africa’s Atlantic Ocean side to the Red Sea and consists of the countries of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad, and Sudan. It is about 5,200 miles long. Overall, the Sahara Desert covers 3,500,000 square miles. The geography of the desert is varied. In the west, the Sahara is rocky with varied elevation. It does contain underground rivers, which sometime penetrate the surface, resulting in oases. The central region of the Sahara has more elevation than the other areas, with peaks such as Emi Koussi and Tahat. Even though the area lacks rainfall, these peaks are snowcapped during the winter. The Eastern part of the Sahara, the Libyan Desert, is dry with very few oases. The Sahara's landscape features include shallow basins, large oasis depressions, gravel-covered plains, plateaus, and mountains, sand sheets, dunes and sand seas. Sand sheets and dunes cover over 25 percent of the Sahara’s surface. The most common types of dunes include tied dunes, blowout dunes, and transverse dunes. Within the Sahara are several pyramidal dunes that reach over 500 feet in height while others reach over 1,000 feet. Researchers have for many years tried to figure out how these dunes were formed, but the case remains unsolved. The boundaries, however, are not clearly defined and have been shifting for millennia. The Sahara was once a fertile area; millet was cultivated there over 8000 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, the Sahara was used as land for grazing in which elephants, giraffes and other animals thrived. It is estimated that in 4,000 B.C., the climate began to get drier. The fertile landscape dried up and the desert widened, creating the form that appears today. As conditions gradually became drier, however, and desertification set in, farmers abandoned their land and the animals migrated to other areas. The Sahara’s climate is very hot and dry. Although it is very hot during the day, it does become cold at night. On average, it only has 8 inches of rainfall per year. The Sahara's climate consists of b... ... whole, the Sahara is one of the harshest environments known to man. The majority of the people living in the Sahara Desert are nomads, which means that these people continuously move from region to region in search of better living conditions. It is believed that the first nomadic peoples came to this region after domestic animals were introduced to the Sahara 7,000 years ago. Evidence suggests that the Sahara accumulated diverse groups that quickly formed dense populations throughout the region. The majority of the groups lived separately, but depended on each other for trade. One of the main problems that are happening to the Sahara desert is the continuing development of the boundaries of the desert. This is known as desertification. As global warming continues to increase, the probability of more desert regions becoming bigger is more likely. Bibliography n.a. http://library.thinkquest.org/10898/sahara.htm. â€Å"Sahara Desert† ThinkQuest 1998. n.a. http://library.advanced.org/~16645/the_land/saha_cl.shtml â€Å"People and Places: Sahara Desert† 1998. "Sahara," Microsoft ® Encarta ® 97 Encyclopedia.  © 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation.

Essays --

Yiwu (China Commodity City) is located in the central area of Zhejiang province with a total land area of 1,105 square kilometers. The whole city governs 8 towns and 5 subdistricts, has a population of 670,000 registered as local domiciliary and 600,000 as external temporary Observation: †¢ Even after being such a big market, it was so well organized †¢ This was the main advantage for all the people requiring so many quantities at wholesale price †¢ This should be a learning for us B.2.8 KEQIAO TEXTILE MARKET: Shaoxing Keqiao textile town, known as China textile town Observation: †¢ It wasn’t a great experience for us †¢ And all the students were not happy as we were not expecting something like this CANTON TRADE FAIR: The Canton Fair is a trade fair held in the spring and autumn seasons each year since the spring of 1957 in Canton (Guangzhou, China). The Fair is co-hosted by the Ministry of Commerce of China and People's Government of Guangdong Province, and organized by China Foreign Trade Centre. There are three phases per session; two sessions per year. Spring session: April 1...

Holidays in Vietnam Speaking topic Essay

HOLIDAYS IN VIETNAM (Cà ¡c Ngà  y Lá »â€¦ á »Å¾ Viá »â€¡t Nam) Liberation Day/Reunification Day – April 30 (Ngà  y Giá º £i phà ³ng miá » n Nam thá »â€˜ng nhá º ¥t Ä‘á º ¥t nÆ °Ã¡ »â€ºc) International Workers’ Day – May 1 (Ngà  y Quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ Lao Ä‘á »â„¢ng) National Day (Vietnam) – September 2 (Quá »â€˜c khà ¡nh) New Year – January 1 (Tá º ¿t DÆ °Ã† ¡ng Lá »â€¹ch) Tá º ¿t (Vietnamese New Year) (Tá º ¿t Nguyà ªn Ä Ãƒ ¡n) Hung Kings Commemorations – 10th day of the 3rd lunar month (Giá »â€" tá »â€¢ Hà ¹ng VÆ °Ã† ¡ng) Hung Kings’ Temple Festival (Lá »â€¦ há »â„¢i Ä Ã¡ » n Hà ¹ng) Communist Party of Viet Nam Foundation Anniversary – February 3 (Ngà  y thà  nh lá º ­p Ä Ã¡ º £ng) International Women’s Day – March 8 (Quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ Phá » ¥ ná » ¯) Dien Bien Phu Victory Day – May 7 (Ngà  y Chiá º ¿n thá º ¯ng Ä iá »â€¡n Biá »â€¡n Phá » §) President Ho Chi Minh’s Birthday – May 19 (Ngà  y sinh Chá » § tá »â€¹ch Há »â€œ Chà ­ Minh) International Children’s Day – June 1 (Ngà  y quá »â€˜c tá º ¿ thiá º ¿u nhi) Vietnamese Family Day – June 28 (Ngà  y gia Ä‘Ã ¬nh Viá »â€¡t Nam) Remembrance Day (Day for Martyrs and Wounded Soldiers) – July 27 (Ngà  y thÆ °Ã† ¡ng binh liá »â€¡t sÄ ©) August Revolution Commemoration Day – August 19 (Ngà  y cà ¡ch má º ¡ng thà ¡ng Capital Liberation Day – October 10 (Ngà  y giá º £i phà ³ng thá » § Ä‘Ã ´) Vietnamese Women’s Day – October 20 (Ngà  y phá » ¥ ná » ¯ Viá »â€¡t Nam) Teacher’s Day – November 20 (Ngà  y Nhà   già ¡o Viá »â€¡t Nam) SPEAKING TOPICS 1. The differences between Vietnamese culture and American culture that you recognize from movies and books. 2. A special holiday in Vietnam that you like the most. 3. Introduce a holiday or a traditional custom that represents your hometown. 4. Supposed you are talking with a foreign friend and you would like to introduce a special thing of Vietnamese culture (clothes, food, music, and so on). What would it be?

Contextulaising the play blood wedding Essay

Contextualising the play: The social, cultural and historical context of the play will be discussed in some detail and the relative importance of each as a factor in the writing, producing and interpretation of the play will be considered. Context is the circumstances and conditions which surround the play. We are able to tell that the social, historical and cultural context all affected Lorca and this emphasised certain aspects of â€Å"Blood Wedding†. The play has many references to social, cultural and historical events and themes. Frederico Garcia Lorca was born in a rural background and this could have affected the play. Lorca was born in Granada, Spain. Granada is positioned next to Andalucia, where it is presumed to be set. We are able to tell this, as Lorca makes many references to scenes which are present in Andalucia, such as the vineyards. These vineyards are in â€Å"Blood Wedding† as well as vineyards being present in Andalucia. At university, Lorca met a famous artist named Salvador Dali, which could have influenced some of the parts of â€Å"Blood Wedding†, such as the surreal scenes with the woodcutters and the moon. Also this could have influenced the use of the evocative juxtaposition of images. Around the time of the writing â€Å"Blood Wedding†, the rising artists Picasso and cubist artists could have influenced â€Å"Blood Wedding†. Picasso used symbolism in their art and this could have possibly inspired Lorca to use symbolic language in the play. In Spain, Lorca was confined to certain guidelines due to the politics. This meant that Lorca was unable to express himself as much as he may have liked; and this could have affected the way Lorca wanted to express himself. Then the Spanish government changed and therefore this allowed Lorca more freedom to write and create new literature, plays and art. During this time, Lorca wrote â€Å"Blood Wedding†. Lorca was influenced from a young age by local arts and once moved into a new town, Lorca became more interested in arts. At university, Lorca became friends with Luis Bunuel an artist. Many researchers have found that Bunuel could have influenced Lora’s work as Bunuel’s paintings became a major interest of Lorca. This means that Lorca could have been influenced by the use of colours in Bunuel’s paintings, and this could have caused Lorca to describe colours in detail in stage settings. This effects the writing of the play, as the audience will pay more interest in the vivid colours and there meaning. This also highlights Lorcas symbolic use of colours such as act one, scene one where the stage directions state ‘Room painted yellow’. This is symbolic as it could be interoperated that yellow represents brightness and the start of something new. At the time, Spain was a religious nation and therefore the strong Catholic viewpoints such as strict marriage rules (no divorce or adultery); this could have been seen to reflect in â€Å"Blood Wedding† as the affair with Leonardo was seen as shameful on the bride. Shortly after â€Å"Blood Wedding† was written, the Spanish civil war occurred. Women were seen as ‘marriage tools’ to gain assets during this time, and even though this occurred after the play was written, we are able to tell that Lorca had seen this occurring and it reflected in his play. For instance, there were mainly women in the play; this could reflect the importance of women at the time. It can also be seen in Act one, where the mother and father discuss the exchange of land when the couple are married. This shows that Spain had strong marriage rules as it shows a thrill between the parents of what their child has to offer. It was uncommon to not discuss what would be exchanged when two people got married, and Lorca expressed this in his play. Also in Spain at the time, people were beginning to revolt and in 1936 General Franco, became a new dictator. This could be seen as being reflected in the play as the bride was expected to marry against her will, as her father had chosen her husband for her. Lorca believed that society was very important, and he believed that society was the reason why people do not do as they wish but do as they should, and this could be reflected in how the bride doesn’t want to marry but is forced. The bride is expected to marry someone who has good financial prospects, rather than someone who she actually loves. From research into Spanish traditions it was assumed that brides would marry someone for their finical prospects or land ownership. Lorca was born in a village which was in the countryside, and this could be seen to be reflected in â€Å"Blood Wedding† as there are many references to the countryside. In Spain, there was a big emphasis on flowers, and this could be seen to be reflected into â€Å"Blood Wedding† as there are many references to flowers in the play and stage directions, such as act one, scene two where ‘common flowers’ are presented. Also, in â€Å"Blood Wedding† Lorca has only given one character an actual name, this character is Leonardo. This could suggest that Lorca sees this character as important or that the other characters that have no specific name, is representing all the female figures in Spain or the world. Whereas Leonardo represents the fire and the passion that a man may have.

International Nurses in Canada Essay

International Nurses in Canada Nurses play vital role in the person’s life. Nurses take care of health of all age group of Canadians and make the nation very healthy and wealthy. Nursing, as a career to both men and women offer varieties of opportunities for professional development and the personal satisfaction by helping people, when they really seek caring hand. Duties and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Ontario, Canada In Canada duties and responsibilities of nurses are well defined and listed with the emphasis on good ethics. The main duties of the Registered Nurses are as follows. Nurses assess patients to identify appropriate nursing interventions and provide medications and treatments according to policies and protocols . They collaborate with team members to plan, implement and evaluate patient care in consultation with patients and their relatives. They educate the patients and implement the institute policies for discharging patients. They assist surgeons, physicians in medical procedure or surgery and successfully monitor and operate medical equipments and supervise subordinates staff. (1. Employment Ontario). They maintain stock of supplies; prepare rooms, sterile instruments and equipments. They perform routine laboratory and office work. (2. Compassionate nursing care). In Ontario, there are two major groups in nursing profession. 1. Registered Nurse, 2. Registered Practical Nurse. The important differences between these two nursing professions are education and practice. RN requires studying a four year Bachelor of Nursing degree course and RPN requires studying, diploma program of four semesters. (3. RNAO). Working area of a nurse trained in Ontario, Canada – A nurse trained in Canada can work in nearly 120 countries in the world. This is due to the Global nursing connections of Canadian Nursing Associationwith ICN (International Council Of Nursing). ICN is a federation of national nurses’ associations, representing nurses in more than 120 countries. CNA has very good leadership, which has represented ICN at various senior level for pretty long period. (4. CNA). Duties of a nurse in a Third World Country (ZAMBIA) Zambia is a member of International Council of Nurses (ICN) and nursing profession is regulated by the Nurses and Midwives Act No. 31 of 1997. Unfortunately, Zambia is among the 57 countries identified by WHO as experiencing critical shortage nurses and doctors as they are changing their profession or migrating to other counties. (5-ZUNO, 2008). Nurses in Zambia are working in highly unsafe and poor occupational conditions. In Zambia HIV/AIDS and other diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria are predominant. Due to the shortage of nursing staff, there is an overload of work on existing nurses. They work with inadequate protective clothing and instruments. They are offered very poor salary and deprived of basic needs of life. All these factors increase stress to nurses and deteriorate their physical, mental and financial condition. The nurses trained in Ontario can work in any part of the world, but the internationally trained nurse cannot work here as soon as they come here. At first glance this looks unpalatable and dominance of developed country over developing country and third world country. Here, the development in health care is very fast to keep the people healthy and provide faster recovery. So nurses will require keeping the pace with new technology and innovations. Nurses need to implement new health programs. Nurses need to work more independently. Nurses must be able to collaborate, the activities of the different disciplines for the patient’s benefit. Here, Nurses should be aware of consequences of ethical and legal issues, while treating the patient with their consent, relating nursing practice in the institute / hospital. (6. CNA). All these important information and knowledge are required before treating patients in Ontario. Above all, communication should also be fluent, to understand team members and patients. Because of these reasons, internationally trained nurses might not be able to work immediately, when they arrive here. Requirements for internationally trained nurse to be accepted in nursing profession They should be Canadian citizen, Permanent Resident or authorized under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Canada) and provide evidence of fluency in English / French. They should complete an acceptable nursing program, provide recent safe nursing practice, should successfully complete national nursing registration examination and provide registration or eligibility of registration in Ontario. They should provide Good character and clean criminal record from a Canadian Criminal Record. (7. CNO). Expenses to obtain Ontario Certification for internationally trained nurses Various Bridge Training programs are offered by Ontario government to internationally educated nursing professional to gain the knowledge and information needed to get license to do practise in Ontario. (8. Ontario Bridge Training). This study program is ranging between 2 to 4 semesters. The tuition fee for this study program is ranging between$ 12000 to $ 4400. After completion of this program they will have to pay,1. application fee,2. PLAR Fee,3. Examinatin fee,4,General class registration fee. The total comes $ 2457. 0. (9. CNO). These expenses are overwhelming for newcomers. Newcomers initially struggle to get the job to meet their daily expenses. How could they take care of expensive tuition fees and license fees with full time study? This system is very expensive for internationally trained nurse to get license and do the practise in Ontario.

Life cycle marketing

The family life cycle represents a method via which the market for certain goods and services is segmented according to the stage in the family life that the particular consumer has reached. This marketing method takes into consideration the family configuration beginning with young, single persons with no children all the way up through marriage, child rearing, and retirement stages. The variables involved in each stage of the model include age, marital status, income, employment (career), and the existence of children (Fritzsche, 1981). One stage in this model is the bachelor stage, which describes persons who no longer live with parents but who have not married or become parents. They usually have a high level of discretionary income despite the fact that their incomes lower than average. Because of the fewer financial burdens (mortgages, children, etc.) and their commitment to recreation, such persons are usually interested in buying clothing, travel, and basic household furniture or equipment. One magazine that could be used as a marketing tool is People, and TLC’s What Not to Wear represents a television program that would be suitable to this group. Both would be effective as they cater to fashion and to the entertainment interests of that group. Another marketing group according to this model is the Full Nest One (Fritzsche, 1981). The Full Nest One stage finds new parents with their youngest child being under the age of six. The parents at this stage have low discretionary incomes because the demands of the children are placed at the highest priority (1981). These persons are therefore likely only to buy necessities, such as cereals, diapers, and children’s clothing. A television show and magazine that are likely marketing tools for this demographic are (respectively) FOX’s Are You Smarter Than a Fifth Grader   and Disney’s Family Fun magazine. Parents are likely to watch or read them with their children. The Full Nest Three stage describes older parents with high school or college age children. These persons have a better financial position, with wives likely to be at work and more discretionary income (Fritzsche, 1981). Such a household is likely to be interested in buying holidays, nice furniture, and sophisticated appliances. A good magazine for marketing to such a demographic is Travel and Leisure, as such persons are likely to have the money and time to take vacations. A good television channel for marketing to them is HGTV, as this features tastefully decorated homes that may give them ideas for buying furniture and appliances. Reference Fritzsche, D. J. (1981). â€Å"An analysis of energy consumption patterns by stage of family life   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   cycle.† Journal of Marketing Research, 18, pp.227-32.

Organizational paradigms Essay

Every organization is different and there is no perfect organizational paradigm that fits an organization in all situations. Even though the most common organizational paradigms are hierarchies, holarchies, coalitions, teams, congregations, societies, federations, and matrix organizations there are many more kinds that exist which are a combination of these with a few extra attributes. â€Å"What is clear is that all approaches have different characteristics which may be more suitable for some problems and less suitable for others† ( Horling & Lesser, 2005) I feel that among these organizational paradigms a combination of hierarchical and team based designs offer the best of the attributes. Because, hierarchical structured organizational is one of the oldest and time tested paradigms with very clear advantages over the other paradigms. A hierarchical organizational design helps decomposition and that is its major advantages. In addition, hierarchical organizations are formed with number of departments each with a hierarchy of its own and that helps the organization tackle large scale projects and scaling is comparatively easy depending on the need of the situation. They are also the simplest to understand and induction of new employees and their reporting system are comparatively more systematic and well organized. The trouble with hierarchical systems, however is that they tend to develop bottlenecks and decision making processes tend to take longer. That is the reason, for my belief that if the hierarchical organization create teams within itself, it would improve the overall flexibility of the organization and avoid the creation of bottle necks. Because teams are set of employees who work towards a common goal supporting and coordinating with each other. Whenever a larger problem crops up that cannot be handled by individuals the team can take care of them and take the organization forward. References Horling & Lesser, 2005, A Survey of Multi-Agent Organizational Paradigms, retrieved May 14, 2009 from http://polaris. ing. unimo. it/didattica/cas/L6/Lesser_OrgParadigms. pdf

Background on non-invasive blood rheology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Background on non-invasive blood rheology - Essay Example (1) In rheology the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid remains constant as shear rate is proportional to shear stress. However, in a non-Newtonian fluid viscosity is not constant as shear rate and shear stress are not proportional. The plasma constituent of blood is a Newtonian fluid, while whole blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, because orientation and deformation of red blood cells result in changes of apparent viscosity at different shear rates. It is this aspect of blood and its constituents that relevant to clinical investigations. (1) Sedimentation is the rate at which the red blood cells separate from the blood plasma over time in clinical testing of blood. It is better known as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high ESR is indicative of inflammation in the human body. Normal values are 5-15mm/hr, depending on the technique employed. Viscosity may be considered as the internal resistance of blood to shear forces. The normal values for blood viscosity vary depending upon the techniques employed in its evaluation. Higher blood viscosity is indicative of inflammation. Blood viscosity for a given shear value is dependent on the hematocrit value, plasma viscosity, ESR and rheological properties. The higher these values over normal, the higher are the blood viscosity rates over normal. (1). Changes in blood composition occur due to several diseases and conditions, which include anemia, malnutrition and dehydration, leukemia, heart failure, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and blood loss due to trauma or surgery. Several blood tests play a role in the determination of these diseases and conditions and in tracking the efficiency of the intervention strategies. This is reason why blood tests are the normal experience during the initial clinical investigations and during the course of the treatment. (1). Anemia is a common condition that results from the deficiency in red blood cells, which is

Hotel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Hotel Management - Essay Example These strategies include the following; Strategic Objectives. One of the best strategies that the Cruise Industry has that has enabled it gain a big market share is its objectives and a how they pursue them. One is to develop a novel cruise segments and inventive packages to reach a bigger number of prospective and past cruisers. It also aims at employing very sophisticated promotional exertions to attain a greater awareness by the public regarding the availability and affordability of cruise travels (Marc, 2010, p. 156). Supply Chain. This is the most sensitive sector of any industry. It keeps the company sufficient by putting it in a position that is able to meet all customer demands. An inside look at the Cruise Industry supply chain is a vivid reflection of its success. From the cruise passengers, the chain breaks down to travel agents – who are responsible of all the routes and destinations of the ships-; then connects down to the Cruise Company itself which perfectly takes care of the following. It starts at the prior and after customer accommodation and transport of passengers from their residential areas, dinning, port services shopping and excursion. The second phase of the cruise industry supply chain incorporates the following; Food, drinks and equipment manufacturers, lubrication services, energy suppliers and port facilities. The service and product flow makes one forget that it is just a ship sailing on water because it creates a new and different image and experience from the ordinary transport ships or vacation trip. It is this complex and cooperative supply chain that Cruise Industry is employing which has seen it attract more customers. Competition Strategy. To some extent, Cruise Industry’s market ranges from a monopoly to oligopoly. Cruise Industry has extended its services in such a way that it is very difficult for new firms

Digital Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Forensics - Essay Example It also articulates the legal requirements for the logs to be admissible and the requirements for the system administrator to be an expert witness. The paper further describes the requirements for one to qualify as an expert witness for testimony under the Daubert and the Frye tests. Digital Forensics, also called computer forensics, cyber forensics, security forensics or forensic analysis is the application of computer investigation and analysis techniques to gather proof or evidence appropriate for presentation in a court of law. One can also define digital forensics as the practice of scientifically derived and verified techniques and tools to preserve, collect, validate, identify, analyze, interpret, document and present â€Å"after-the-fact† digital information derived from digital sources in order to facilitate or further the rebuilding of events as forensic evidence (Willassen & Mjolsnes, 2005). While traditional evidence includes any concrete information like audio-visual documents, paper documents or scientific evidence such as DNA, which investigators use in trials, electronic evidence is any kind of information acquired by means of a device or any other digital medium that investigators can utilize to prove the certainty of a fact during a trial. According to Cybex digital collection company, majority of jurists including prosecutors, lawyers, judges, notaries and members of Judiciary Council hold onto the view that the validity of electronic evidence is corresponding to traditional evidence in trial. The aim of digital forensics is to perform an ordered investigation while upholding a documented series of evidence to detect precisely what happened on the scene of crime and who was accountable for it. Within the requirements and interpretation of law, digital forensics must have its basis on the science of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Before gathering any evidence, the suitable authorities

Developing Countries Promote Manage Economic Development Essay

Developing Countries Promote Manage Economic Development - Essay Example This case shall be compared to Sub-Saharan Africa since it has a record of failed and poor development of the economy. Governance and democracy are two different aspects in a country3. Governance is the act of leading people in an accountable way. The way leaders conduct their roles, as per their capacity leads to an even economic distribution for all the individuals across a country. The two factors, governance, and democracy, can have a huge implication in political and economic state of a country4. In this case, the political aspect is considered because it is a fundamental element for economic development in any country. From the World Bank point of view, governance is the way power is applied to the social and economic aspects of a country’s affairs, for the purpose of development5. Therefore, governance plays a crucial role in the economic development of a particular country. The development stage in East Asia and Africa is significantly different. The stages of development differ in terms of political, social and economic activities. The difference has been brought about by the governance that is being administered in the two areas. In this paper, The researcher shall take an example of Zimbabwe, where the leaders, in the government, are even unable to enhance the economic performance6. They have also failed to develop economic conditions since there are ever-changing regimes in the country. A good and a strong governance leads to success in the economic performance of the particular country. For instance, from the East Asia, let us take an example of Taiwan. Here there is a strong governance that leads to the creation of a conducive environment, that attracts private and even foreign investment, thus leading to successful economic development7. Therefore, governance in any developing country plays a crucial role in the economic achievement of the state . Most developing countries

Bussines writing (11) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bussines writing (11) - Essay Example In today’s business world pie chart is one of the most common methods used for data representation. In a pie chart data is represented in a circular form wherein it is divided into different sectors with areas equal to the corresponding component. The percentage breakdown of the corresponding components is represented by the sectors also knows as slices. Pie charts are used in numerous ways during management meetings such as for representing resource and time allocations, budget categories, market share, expense analysis, income sources, etc (Quinn ). The purpose of a pie chart is to clearly communicate the figures than it could be by a set of numbers. A pie chart gives more clarity than a set of numbers as the figures are represented as pieces of a pie. Greater the figure, greater is the size of the piece. Apart from being clear and increasing clarity, pie charts are also very simple and visually appealing making it easy to understand. It is also very easy to resize and makes changes to a pie